2012年成人高考專升本英語重點(diǎn)語法：介詞

　　介詞

　　1、介詞短語

　　according to ahead of apart from by means of but for because of due to except for for the sake of in addition to instead of in front of

　　in spite of in the name of on behalf of prior to with regard to owing to由于

　　2、分詞介詞轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　concerning including past regarding

　　3、介詞用法比較

　　3.1 表示時間的介詞at， on， in， after， for， since， by， till， until， during

　?、賏t表示確切時間點(diǎn)或較短的一段時間;in表示一天中的各部分時間或較長的時間;

　　on表示具體的某天或某天上午或下午;during表示一段時間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的延續(xù)。

　　at 4：30 (noon， dawn， midnight……) on Sunday (Oct.1……)

　　on Saturday afternoon (an autumn evening……) ***in the afternoon on Sunday

　　at Christmas in (during) 1987 (December， the 19th century……)

　　during my military service (the trip) The job was done in a week.

　?、贖e will be back in two hours. He will be back after two o’clock.

　?、跧 stayed in London (for) two days on my way to New York. since 1950 (then)

　?、蹷y noon， everybody had (will have) arrived there. 到中午的時候，大家都(將)到那兒了。

　　from 1985 to 1996

　?、軭e waited till(until)5 o’clock. They stayed until (till) after the meeting. (肯定句中表示：直到…時候)

　　Until now I knew nothing about it. Jack didn’t come home until / till about 11. (否定句中表示：直到…才)

　　3.2表示地點(diǎn)、位置的介詞in， at， round， around， beyond， on， beneath， over， under， above， below， up， down， before， behind， between， among， amid(st)

　　①The car pulled up at the gate.車停在大門口 She lives at No. 52 Hazel Avenue.

　　They have arrived in Peking. What is in the box?

　?、贖e put a necklace (a)round her neck. He is making a trip round the world.

　?、踒eyond表示在…以外： There is a village beyond the hill.

　?、躱n：在…(平面)上;beneath：在…(平面)下：

　　There is a book on the desk. The submarine can run very fast beneath the sea.

　　⑤over：在(垂直)上方; under：在(垂直)下方：轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　There is a lamp over the table. The peasants are having a rest under the tree.

　?、轪bove：在…上方; below：在…下方：

　　The plane is flying above the clouds. The sun sank below the horizon.

　　⑦before：在…前面;after：在…后面 (兩者具有動態(tài)意義)

　　Don’t put the cart before the horse.莫本末倒置。 The object should be placed after the verb.

　　***in front of和behind表示靜態(tài)意義的位置。

　　The car was parked in front of the building. There is a garden behind the house.

　?、郻etween：在(兩者)之間：Is there any difference between the two words?

　　among：在(兩者以上)之間：They visited the temple among the hills.

　　amid(st)：在…之間(含有被不同之物包圍之意)，可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞：

　　The soldiers charged forward amid(st) the enemy bullets.

　　3.3表示方向、方位的介詞to，in，for， at

　　① in在…面(包含在其中)： Shanghai lies in the east of China.

　　to在…部(不包含在其中)： Japan lies to the east of China.

　　on 兩地接壤： Vietnam lies on the south of China.

　?、趌eave， start， depart等詞后加for，表示目的地：He will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

　　3.4表示空間運(yùn)動的介詞along， across， through， over， up， down， from， to， into， out of

　?、賏long沿著： They are taking a walk along the street.

　　across橫過： Dare you swim across the river?

　　②through(從中間穿過)： They drove through the city (tunnel)

　　over越過： The plane flew over the city.

　?、踰p向上方： He ran up the stairs. down向下方： The ship is sailing down the river.

　　④He received a letter from abroad. She stood up and walked to the window.

　　3.5表示工具、方法和手段的介詞with， by， in， through， on

　　1)with表示工具，方式(抽象)，也可表示材料：

　　Wood is often cut with a saw. We should face the situation with great courage.

　　2)by表示途徑或手段：

　　Babies learn to speak by imitation. We can get energy by burning fuel.

　　3) in表示方式： Can you do the experiment in another way? Cloth is often measured in metres.

　　4) through表示途徑，手段，與by接近： He became rich through hard work.

　　3.6表示原因的介詞because of， owing to， due to(一般不位于句首)， on account of， at， for， from， with， of

　　eg. The flight was cancelled due to the fog. We rejoiced at their great achievements.

　　He was punished for stealing. They are suffering from starvation and disease.

　　She was red with shame. The man died of lung cancer.直接原因 The soldier died from a bad wound.間接原因

　　3.7除了…：besides， except， except for， but， apart from(意思較廣)

　　Besides English， they also study math， physics and chemistry.

　　He answered all the questions except (but) the last one.

　　Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.整體中除去一個細(xì)節(jié)

　　The enemy had no choice but to surrender.

　　***but for表示：要不是因?yàn)?，倘若沒有，常用于虛擬語氣表示含蓄條件。

　　3.8表示讓步的介詞in spite of， despite， after all， for all， with all

　　The children continued to play in the garden despite the rain.

　　With all his achievements， he remains modest and prudent.謙虛謹(jǐn)慎 For all his faults， we still like him.

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