2011年自考英語：重點單詞擴充講解

　　1. organizational: a 組織上的 $lesson$

　　由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：organize: v 組織; organization: n 組織;

　　organizer: n 組織者

　　請看下列習題，選擇該組詞里恰當?shù)脑~填空：

　　1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

　　2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

　　3). China has joined World Trade __________.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

　　Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer

　　2. objective: n 目標; a 客觀的，反義詞subjective: 主觀的

　　3. predict: v 預言、預示;

　　由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：prediction: n 預言; predictable: a 可預測的;

　　predictor: n 預言家

　　4. simplify: v 簡化

　　由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：simple: a 簡單的; simply: ad 簡單地，僅僅地;

　　simplification: n 簡化; simplified: a 被簡化的。

　　Exercises for the above words:

　　1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.

　　2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our

　　capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

　　3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a

　　question of procedure.

　　4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy

　　labor.

　　Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

　　5. tendency: n 趨勢、傾向;tend : v 傾向于…， tend to do sth

　　e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.

　　Or old people tend to get fatter.

　　6. managerial: a 經(jīng)理的、經(jīng)營上的;轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：manage: v管理、經(jīng)營; management: n; manager: n 經(jīng)營者，管理者; manageable: a 可管理的、可經(jīng)營的。

　　7. argue: v 爭辯、爭論，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由

　　于某事而同某人爭論; argue sb into doing sth說服某人做某事; argue

　　sb out of doing sth說服某人不要做某事。

　　e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their

　　child’s

　　education.

　　2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.

　　8. define: v 給…下定義; definition: n 定義

　　9. profitability: n 賺錢， 獲利

　　由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：profit: n 利潤; profitable: a 有利可圖的, 有好

　　處的;

　　profitless: a 沒有利潤的。

　　1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.

　　2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

　　3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as

　　to the correctness of decision.

　　Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.

　　10. correctness: n 正確性; 字根：correct: a 正確的; v 糾正， correction: n 糾正; incorrect: a 不正確的。

　　11. unintended: a 非計劃中的，

　　由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：intend: v 打算，計劃;intention: n ; intended:

　　a 計劃中的

　　課文難句講解、分析

　　1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of

　　action that are available.(p1)

　　譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。

　　分析：該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。made from among alternative courses of

　　action that are available是過去分詞短語做定語修飾a choice; 其中that

　　are available是定語從句修飾courses of action.

　　像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家

　　須學會分析。這是整個英語學習過程中很重要的能力!

　　2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals

　　or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of

　　accomplishing them. (p1)

　　譯：做出決策的原因是因為存在問題，目標或目的有錯誤，或者有某種東

　　防礙著它們的實現(xiàn)。

　　分析：該句又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。That引導三個并列的表語從句，①a problem

　　exists，②goals or objectives are wrong;③something is standing in

　　the way of accomplishing them。 短語：make a decision:做出決策

　　stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙

　　3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be

　　and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since

　　uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

　　譯：通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出最佳預測，從而使偶然性盡可能少

　　發(fā)生，但因為不確定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風險。

　　分析：前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。what the future will be是at的賓語;as

　　little as possible做leave的賓語;since引導原因狀語從句，相當

　　because.

　　4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

　　譯：如果沒有選擇，就不會有決策。

　　分析：這是一句很簡單的條件狀語從句，但它有一個很重要的考點：to be

　　made。這是動詞不定式做定語修飾decision，有將來意味。比如：The last

　　question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among

　　ourselves.

　　5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

　　譯：對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。

　　分析：這句話的考點是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過去分詞短語做定語修飾constraints

　　其中詞組：base…on以…為基礎(chǔ)。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.

　　6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)

　　譯：但是這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。

　　分析：該句主語the tendency to simplify，謂語blinds; them是賓語。to simplify是定語，修飾the tendency;to other alternatives是賓補。其中短語：blind sb to sth:使…看不見…;

　　we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.

　　7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

　　譯：因為個人(和組織)關(guān)于如何達到目的常有不同的觀點，哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰做出決策。

　　分析：這是一個由because引導的原因狀語從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語，who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語。

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