2013年自考英語一基礎(chǔ)語法重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo)(一)
英語的句子成分一般包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語等。
1.主語(Subject)
主語是句子的主體,是句子所要說明的人或事物。主語通常是一些代表事物性或?qū)?體性的問語。如:
Bookkeeping is all essential accounting tool. 簿記是會(huì)計(jì)的基本工具。
除了名詞可擔(dān)任主語外,還有代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句均可作主語,如
He works in a big company. 他在一家大公司工作。轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
To drive car needs some knowledge of its performance. 要開汽車須對(duì)其性能有所了解。
Advertising is a way of bringing information to the public for the purpose of selling a product. 廣告是一種給公眾提供信息的方式,目的在于推銷產(chǎn)品。
Whatever was said hear must be kept secret. 在這里所談的一切都要保密。
2.謂語(Predicate)
謂語說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”。
I have read “Romance of the West Chamber”。 我看過《西廂記》
Silent words of love acre passing between us. 無聲的情話在我們之間交流。
We should promote our friendship on such a basis. 我們應(yīng)該在這樣的基礎(chǔ)上促進(jìn)我們的友誼。
They are dancing. 他們?cè)谔琛?/P>
3.賓語(Object)
賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是主語的動(dòng)作的承受者,有賓語的動(dòng)詞稱為及物動(dòng)詞,賓語一般在及物動(dòng)詞之后,作賓語的詞有名詞,代詞賓格,數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句等,如:
Trust the students. 相信學(xué)生們吧。
Don't have anything more to do with him. 別再和他來往了。
How many do you need? We need ten. 你需要多少?十個(gè)。轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
They are planning to see the sights of Chongqing tomorrow. 他們打算明天游覽重慶的名勝。
He dreamt of meeting and falling in love with a beautiful woman. 他夢(mèng)想遇上并愛上美麗的女人。
You will find the pain easing up in a few hours. 幾個(gè)小時(shí)以后你就會(huì)發(fā)覺疼痛慢慢減輕了。
We must find out ] who signed the contract. 我們要找出是誰簽的合同。
4.定語 (Attribute)
定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。如:
A small business may employ only one bookkeeper. 小企業(yè)可以只雇用一個(gè)簿記員。
除形容詞之外,數(shù)詞、名詞所有格、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語、分詞短語、動(dòng)名詞、副詞、從句等,都可作定語。
There is some exciting news on the newspaper today. 今天報(bào)上有令人興奮的消息。
Every Saturday Mr. Black goes to the supermarket to do shopping. 每星期六,布萊克先生都去超級(jí)市場(chǎng)購物。
See the statement above. 見上文。
The faded flowers covered the ground. 地上滿是凋謝的花朵。
It's a firm that specializes in hand-made furniture. 那是一家專門經(jīng)營手工家具的公司。
5.狀語 (Adverbial)
狀語是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞的,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、程度等。
作狀語的詞有副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的其它詞、短語、從句。如:
Accounting is one of the fastest growing fields in modern business world. 會(huì)計(jì)是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中發(fā)展最快的部門之一。
To explain the difference briefly, the accountant sets up a bookkeeping system. 為了簡(jiǎn)潔地解釋差異現(xiàn)象,會(huì)計(jì)師建立起簿記系統(tǒng)。
Personally, I hope you will make a holiday tour with me. 就我個(gè)人而言,我希望你能和我一起作一次假日旅游。
He was disappointed because his love of her was unrequited. 他感到失望,因?yàn)樗麑?duì)她的愛沒有得到報(bào)答。
Seeing this, they became very worried. 看到這種情況,他們心里很著急。
Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 如果吃得及時(shí),這藥是很有效的。
6.同位語(Appositive)
同位語用來對(duì)一個(gè)詞或詞的內(nèi)容加以補(bǔ)充和說明。它通常位于其說明的詞或詞組之后。
We Americans are hard-working. 我們美國人是勤勞的。
You two are very lazy. 你們兩個(gè)很懶。
Winston Churchill, Britain's Prime Minister during the Second World War, died in 1965. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的英國首相溫斯頓。邱吉爾死于1965年。
Shanghai, once the paradise for adventurers, is now the largest industrial base in China. 曾經(jīng)是冒險(xiǎn)家樂園的上海,現(xiàn)在是中國最大的工業(yè)基地。
7.補(bǔ)語 (Complement)
(1)英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞雖然有了賓語,但句子的意思仍不完整,還需要在賓語之后增加一個(gè)成分以補(bǔ)足其意義,這種成分叫賓語補(bǔ)語。能作賓語補(bǔ)語的有名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞。
They appointed him head of the department. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)部門主任。
They painted the wall blue. 他們把墻刷成藍(lán)色。
People regard the sun as the chief source of heat and light. 人們認(rèn)為太陽是主要的熱源和光源。
(2)當(dāng)帶有賓語的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài),句子原來的賓語就成了主語,而原來的賓補(bǔ)也就隨之成了主補(bǔ)。試比較:
They appointed him head of the department.
He was appointed head of the department.
They painted the wall blue.
The wall was painted blue.
People regard the sun as the chief source of heat and light.
The sun is regarded as the chief source of heat and light.
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