2014年自考英語一課堂筆記之unit1(3)

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　　4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.

　　注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，閱讀課本第六頁注解2.

　　請翻譯下面的詞組：

　　1) 十個(gè)學(xué)生 ten students

　　數(shù)十個(gè)學(xué)生 tens of students

　　2) 五百年 five hundred years

　　數(shù)百年 hundreds of years

　　3) 兩千年 two thousand years

　　數(shù)千年 thousands of years

　　4) 三百萬美元 three million dollars

　　數(shù)百萬美元 millions of dollars

　　5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.

　　句中be different from 意為“與…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.(我的觀點(diǎn)與你的觀點(diǎn)不同。)

　　請注意下面三個(gè)句子中所用的詞組：

　　Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.

　　從上面的句子中可以看出differ是動(dòng)詞，different 是形容詞，difference是名詞。

　　6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.

　　… find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

　　句中的it是形式賓語(formal object)，真正的賓語(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning，此類用法在英語中很常見，請注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(開始我感到記住這些單詞很難。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 外面的噪音使我無法繼續(xù)工作。

　　(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)

　　2) 他們覺得再爭論下去是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

　　(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)

　　3) 她認(rèn)為把真相告訴小王是對的。

　　(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)

　　7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.

　　本句中注意掌握動(dòng)詞offer的用法，請看下面的例句：

　　1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他給我端來一杯茶。)

　　2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (對這些新教師你有什么建議要提嗎?)

　　3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(這家商店供應(yīng)各種文具。)

　　4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.

　　(那個(gè)老人向我出價(jià)100元買這輛舊自行車。)

　　5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意幫我學(xué)英語。)

　　句中的advice為不可數(shù)名詞，其后不加s，正如課本第六頁注解3所說，有許多東西在漢語中是可數(shù)的，在英語中卻是不可數(shù)的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一個(gè)”這類概念，就必須加a piece of這類定語，例如：

　　a piece of news

　　a piece of advice

　　a sum of money

　　a piece of bread

　　8. Read as much as you can.

　　句中的much 是副詞，用副詞作同等比較時(shí)，可以用as … as和so … as 這種結(jié)構(gòu)，如：

　　1) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.(盡量多閱讀，你的詞匯量就會擴(kuò)大。)

　　2) We must arrange everything as well as we can.(我們要把一切盡可能地安排好。)

　　3) Please give me a call as soon as possible.(請盡早給我打電話。)

　　4) I don''t speak English so well as you.(我英語講得沒你好。)

　　9. Practice speaking the language every day.

　　practice 在美國英語中可以做動(dòng)詞也可以做名詞，而在英國英語中，practice是名詞，動(dòng)詞的拼寫則是practise.

　　作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，其后只能跟動(dòng)名詞，不能跟不定式。如：It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.(在這樣炎熱的天氣里練跑步可真不是好玩的。)

　　10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.

　　that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是賓語從句。在非正式場合下that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可省略。如：I think (that) you are right.

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 小男孩承認(rèn)是他打碎了窗玻璃。

　　(The little boy admitted that he broke the window.)

　　2) 大量證據(jù)表明他是有罪的。(Plenty of evidence shows that he is guilty.)

　　3) 我保證將會給他更多的幫助。(I promised that I would give him more help.)

　　11. … they discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language

　　不定式做定語，例如：Is it the best way to solve the problem?(這是解決問題的最好方法嗎?)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 他沒有勇氣承認(rèn)自己是無知的。(He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.)

　　2) 這將是一個(gè)交流思想的好機(jī)會。(This will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.)

　　3) 他們在會上沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。(They had no right to speak at the meeting.)

　　12. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves.

　　動(dòng)詞不定式to explain和名詞 teacher構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作wait for的賓語，稱為復(fù)合賓語。此類用法在英語中很常見，例如：

　　1) I''ll get someone to repair the bike for you.(我去找人來幫你修自行車。)

　　2) He wants you to call him in the afternoon.(他要你下午給他打電話。)

　　3) The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions.(老師在等學(xué)生們回答問題。)

　　4) You can count on him to give you full support.(你放心，他會給你全力支持。)

　　請注意 instead of 與 instead 的區(qū)別：

　　1) Instead of staying at home watching TV， he went out for a walk.

　　He didn''t stay at home watching TV， instead he went out for a walk.

　　2) Instead of having milk for breakfast， he had a cup of coffee.

　　He didn''t have milk for breakfast， instead he had a cup of coffee.

　　13. When they guess wrong， they guess again.

　　wrong常常作形容詞或動(dòng)詞用，而本句中的wrong則作副詞用。請注意下面句子中wrong的詞類：

　　1) He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.(wrong adj.錯(cuò)誤的)

　　2) I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.(wrong v. 冤枉)

　　3) The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.(wrong adv.錯(cuò)，不對)

　　14. … they look for such a chance.

　　句中的such是前置限定詞，可放在可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前，如：

　　1) I''ve never seen such beautiful scenery.(我從沒見過這樣美麗的景色。)

　　2) He didn''t expect that the audience would give him such a response.(他沒料想到觀眾們會給予如此反應(yīng)。)

　　3) She didn''t feel like going out on such a cold day.(她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出門。)

　　從下面的句子中可以看出so與such的區(qū)別，so是副詞，通常用來修飾形容詞或副詞：

　　1) The question was so difficult that nobody could answer it.

　　(這個(gè)問題太難了，沒人能回答。)

　　2) His eyesight was so poor that he couldn''t see anything clearly.

　　(他的視力不好，什么也看不清。)

　　3) He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.

　　(他跑得那么快，沒有人能趕上他。)

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