學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試備考輔導(dǎo):間接引語的錯(cuò)誤
在英語里,我們可以用兩種方法轉(zhuǎn)述人的話語。第一種是直接引語(The Direct Speech);第二種是間接引語(The Indirect Speech),也可叫“The Reported Speech”)。
從直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語是一種表達(dá)行式的改變,不影響原意。例如:
① a. He said, "I am working now."
b. He said that he was working then.
② a. She asked me, "Do you like to sing?"
b. She asked me if I liked to sing.
③ a. "Go out!" the man said to the boy.
b. The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b, ②b, ③b是間接引語,其形式和①a, ②a, ③a不同。
間接引語是種常見的句法,用得很多。正因?yàn)橛玫枚?,出錯(cuò)的機(jī)會也多。下面便是些例子:
④ He said that he would come tomorrow.
這里的副詞“tomorrow”要變成“the next day”。理由是:間接引語里的時(shí)間副詞或短語, 一般上要把其中的時(shí)間向前推,如: tomorrow: the next day; today: that day; last night: the night before; now: then; ago: before that time 等。
⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.
這里的“is”要變成“was”。須知:主句“I asked”和分句 “what is wrong with him”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)必須配合。既然主句的動(dòng)詞 “asked”是過去時(shí)態(tài),分句的動(dòng)詞也要過去時(shí)態(tài)“was”。此外,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般上也要推前,因此簡單過去時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Past Tense)要變成過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(Past Perfect Tense),如:went : had gone; left : had left.
⑥ John told her don't do that again.
這里的“don't do”要變成“not to do”才對。理由是:祈使句變成間接引語時(shí)的形式是不定式動(dòng)詞:“to + verb / not to + verb”,如:to come / not to come; to do / not to do.
⑦ She asked me where was I going.
這里的“was I”詞序不對, 要變成“I was”才是,因?yàn)殚g接疑問句(indirect question)里的詞序和敘述句一樣,是正常詞序,不是倒裝法,如:
⑧ He wanted to know who that girl was.
⑨ John asked Helen if she was free.
⑩ She asked me whether I could help her.
如果詞序是倒裝形式,就錯(cuò)了:
……who was that girl.
……if was she free.
……whether could I help her.
關(guān)于間接疑問句,還有一點(diǎn)必須注意的是,直接疑問句里的疑問詞要照用, 如例⑧的“who”。如果沒有疑問詞,就要借重連接詞“ if”或“ whether”之助,如例⑨和⑩便是。
在結(jié)束本文之前,順便提一提怎樣把表示驚嘆或愿望的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)成間接引語。
11. He said, "Alas! I am undone."
12. "Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary," said the teacher.
13. "Good Heaven!' Tom cried, "I'll never lie again."
把11-13,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?4-16時(shí), 可以用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞把深層的意思反映出來,甚至加些原文沒有的字眼,也無所謂:
14. He exclaimed that he was undone.
15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job.
16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.
備考2020年成人英語三級考試的考生,為避免錯(cuò)過考試報(bào)名,建議您 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒服務(wù),屆時(shí)會有短信提醒。更多成人英語三級其他題型答題技巧、備考指導(dǎo)、復(fù)習(xí)精華資料,點(diǎn)擊下方按鈕,免費(fèi)下載!
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