成人英語三級語法知識大全一
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成人英語三級語法知識大全一
句法分析
1、主語：是句子要說明的人或物,可以作主語的成分有名詞，主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家!
v 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名詞作主語
v 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代詞作主語
v 3) Two and ten is twelve.數(shù)詞作主語
v 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.動名詞作主語
v 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.動詞不定式作主語
v 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.從句作主語
2、謂語: 說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征
v 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.
v 2) His father is an engineer.
v 3) She seemed happy.
v 4) Li Hua showed me his album.
3、賓語:指的是及物動詞涉及到的人或物
v 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.
v 2) The medicine is good for a cold.
v 3) How many pieces do you want?
v 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.
v 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?
v 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight
4、賓語補足語:在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征。
v 1) The government appointed(任命)her chief delegate (首席代表)to the conference.
v 2) I don’t believe the story true.
v 3) You should put your things in order(有序).
v 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
v 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.
5、表語：位于系動詞如be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。
v 1)Wang’s father is a doctor.
v 2) He is always careless.
v 3) The basketball match is on.
v 4) All the pupils are on the playground now.
v 5) Our aim is to win more medals.
v 6) His work is teaching French.
v 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.
還有位于以下系動詞后面的詞，我們也稱之為表語：
表示感官的：look\seem(看起來) 、sound(聽起來)、smell(聞起來)、taste(嘗起來)、feel(感覺起來)：
He looks disappointed(形容詞作表語)他看起來很失望。
The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾很難聞。
表示變化的：get、become、turn(變得)。It becomes hotter and hotter(形容詞作表語). 天變得越來越熱了。
6、定語:是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，翻譯常用‘……的’表示。
v Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students.
v His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
v The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom.
v There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.
v This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.
7、狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。
v 1) She sings quite well.
v 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
v 3) He sits there, asking for a pen.
v 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework.
v 5) If I have some spare time, I will read some story-books.
8、同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：
v We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’)
v We all are students. / (all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’)
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