相關(guān)推薦：學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試詞匯與語法語法輔導(dǎo)匯總

學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試詞匯與語法語法輔導(dǎo)八

(三)虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣是英語三級(jí)考試的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一，也是體現(xiàn)英漢語言習(xí)慣區(qū)別的一個(gè)語法現(xiàn)象。在漢語里

表示假設(shè)虛擬的情況常用一些虛詞來表示，例如“假設(shè)”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虛擬的情況不但有虛詞的提示，謂語動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)的變化。

虛擬語氣的基本作用是：

(1)表達(dá)假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反;(2)表達(dá)異想天開很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望;(3)表達(dá)建議命令勸告等語

氣。本部分重點(diǎn)講if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，含蓄條件句、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣，及should+動(dòng)詞原形的用法。

1、虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法

虛擬(條件)語氣中，主句與從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式可分為下面三類：

假設(shè)類型條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+動(dòng)詞的過去式 (be用were而不用was)would(第一人稱可用should)+動(dòng)詞原形

與過去事實(shí)相反If+had+過去分詞would(第一人稱可用should)+have+過去分詞

與將來事實(shí)相反If+were to+動(dòng)詞原形或 If+should+動(dòng)詞原形would(第一人稱可用should)+動(dòng)詞原形

下面我們列舉今年的真題來強(qiáng)化記憶。

例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I ____ _ it to you.”

A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned

【答案】D(2004年4月45題)

例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ _ him.

A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came

【答案】C(1995年38題)

例3 If Bob ____ _ with us，he would have had a good time.

A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came

【答案】C(1995年59題)

1、省略if的虛擬形式

在虛擬條件句中，如謂語包含were，had，should等詞，則可以把這些詞放到主語前面，省略if。

例1 ____ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken

【答案】D(2004年4月32題)

例2 ___ ，I should ask them some questions.

A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us

【答案】A(1997年30題)

例3 ____ ，you were busy，I would′t have bothered you with my questions.

A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized

【答案】B(1996年39題)

3、含蓄條件句

有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其他方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with，without，but for引導(dǎo)。

例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _____ well.

A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown

【答案】A(2004年11月32題)

例2 But for my classmates′help，I ____ the work in time.

A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished

【答案】A(2004年11月32題)

例3 But for the rain，we _____ a nice holiday.

A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had

【答案】B(2003年4月28題)

4、特殊詞或結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣

(1)以wish(that)引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語從句。

wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而在虛擬語氣中時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非真實(shí)條件中從句時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿茫褐髡Z+wish+從句(主語+過去時(shí));表示一個(gè)過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用：主語+wish+從句(主語+過去完成時(shí))。

例1 I didn′t go to the party，but I do wish I _____ there. A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be

【答案】C(2001年53題)

例2 Peter wishes that he ____ law instead of literature when he was in college.

A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study

【答案】C(2000年53題)

(2)if only+句子(過去時(shí)/過去完成時(shí))“要是……就好了”。

If only后面的句子如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用過去時(shí)did;如果是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，用過去完成時(shí)had done。要注意與if區(qū)別，if只表示假設(shè)，意為“如果”，用真實(shí)語氣。而if only表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，用虛擬語氣。

例： If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響就好了。(對(duì)過去虛擬)

If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬)

(3)would rather+句子(過去時(shí))。

表示寧愿、寧可的意愿，語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，后接過去式。

例1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ____ next month for a dinner.

A.come B.would come C.came D.have come

【答案】C(2002年46題)

例2 I′d ____ you didn′touch that，if you don′t mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further

【答案】A(1998年45題)

(4)it is time (that)，it is high time(that)…句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，意思是“該……了、早該……了”。

例1 Let′s finish our homework in a faw seconds;it′s time we ____ _ .

A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football

【答案】A(2004年11月43題)

例2 Don′t you think it is time you _ _ smoking?A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up

【答案】B(1999年31題)

(5)以as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句。

在as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸?shí)的情況時(shí)，他們所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式和wish后面的從句動(dòng)詞形式變化相同。

例：He talks as he ___ everything in the world. A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known

【答案】B 本句表示說話人對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，所以用過去的。

5、should +動(dòng)詞原形及should的省略

(1)一些表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞本身隱含說話者主觀的意見。因此這些動(dòng)詞(或其派生詞，如名詞、形容詞、分詞等)后面的從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，即“should do”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的“should”常被省略。如：

表示“提議、建議”的動(dòng)詞：suggest，advise，propose，recommend，move(提議);

表示“要求、主張”的動(dòng)詞：insist，require，request，demand，desire;

表示：“命令”的動(dòng)詞：order，command。

例1 I don′t think it advisable that Tom _____ to she job since he has no experience.

A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigned

【答案】A(2006年11月29題)

例2 His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out. A.put on B.puts on C.to put D.putting on

【答案】A(1999年58題) 此處省略了should。

例3 The doctor advised that Mr.Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life.

A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have

【答案】C(1998年28題) 此處省略了should。

(2)It is necessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazing that…引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should + 原形動(dòng)詞，should也可以省略。此類形容詞的特點(diǎn)是表示重要性或吃驚。

例1 It is vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.A.is B.be C.must be D.can be

【答案】B(2004年11月24題)

例2 It′s urgent that a meeting _____ befor the final decision is made.

A.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged

【答案】C(2003年4月45題)

(3)以in case，lest，for fear that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，表示“以防、以免”其形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形。

He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 他把雨衣帶在身上以防下雨。

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