2021年成人英語三級(jí)考試語法考點(diǎn)：限制性和非限制性定語從句

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1、限制性定語從句

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。.

China is a country which has a long history. 中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。

2、非限制性定語從句舉例

Last summer I visited the People's Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。

注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：

Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含： 她還有其他哥哥。)

Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含： 她只有一個(gè)哥哥。)

難點(diǎn)釋疑：

(一)限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。

1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí)。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來了嗎?

There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 對(duì)他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。

All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。

There is little that I can do for you. 我不能為你干什么。

He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在圖書館查找所需的資料。.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 任何有責(zé)任感的人都不會(huì)做這樣的事。

All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有應(yīng)邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。

2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

4.當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。

如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的詞典。

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王華是我校唯一出席會(huì)議的人。

5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)。

如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身?

6.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。

如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r(shí)的人和事。

Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走來的人和他的 毛驢。

(二)關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。

1. as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：

He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。

He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很誠實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來。

2. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：

As is known to all, China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國是發(fā)展中國家。

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。

John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，約翰是個(gè)著名作家。

Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don't believe. 張華已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。

注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。.

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。

3.當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。如：

I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。

(三)以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。

The way (that / in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。

I don't like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

(四)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用(即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。試比較：

A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。

I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。

B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過的日子。

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 這就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會(huì)議的原因。.

(五)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

1.定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。

2.定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從

句中作賓語時(shí)經(jīng)常可省略。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分;有時(shí)由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

The news that he told me is true.(定語從句)他告訴我的消息是真的。

The news that he has just died is true.(同位語從句)他剛剛?cè)ナ懒耍@個(gè)消息是真的。

3.同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動(dòng)詞be發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，定語從句則不能。

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