銆€銆€鎽樸€€瑕�:棣栧厛閲囩敤鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楃悊璜栧皪(du矛)鏌愯紩杌岄珮鏋舵⿱妲藉舰绨�(ji菐n)鏀鐨勫収(n猫i)鍔涢€�(j矛n)琛屼簡鎵嬬畻.鍚屾檪(sh铆),閭勯噰鐢∕idasCivil姗嬫灏堢敤瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)杌熶欢灏�(du矛)妲藉舰姊侀€�(j矛n)琛屼簡闆荤畻,鍦ㄥ皪(du矛)瑷�(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滈€�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冪殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓�,灏�(du矛)鍌崇当(t菕ng)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐞嗚珫鐨勫彲闈犳€ч€�(j矛n)琛屼簡鍓栨瀽鍜岃⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿),骞跺皪(du矛)瀵�(sh铆)闅涚殑宸ョ▼瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎻愬嚭鍚堢悊鍖栫殑寤鸿.

銆€銆€闂�(gu膩n)閸佃:闋�(y霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涙贩鍑濆湡;妲藉舰姊�;鍏�(n猫i)鍔涜▓(j矛)绠�

銆€銆€1 宸ョ▼绨�(ji菐n)浠�

銆€銆€鏌愯紩杌岄珮鏋舵⿱,瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍗€(q奴)闁撶附闀风偤90m,闆欑窔銆佺窔璺腑蹇冪窔闁撹窛鐐�3.6m.杌婅紱閲囩敤闆诲姏鐗藉紩銆佺涓夎粚鍙楀姏,瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏈€楂樿杌婇€熷害鐐�80km/h,杌岃窛1425mm,杌搁噸14t.閲囩敤60kg/m閶艰粚銆侀嫾绛嬫贩鍑濆湡杌屾灂寮忔暣楂旈亾搴�,杌岄亾寤虹瓚楂樺害鐐�55cm.鎿噰鐢�3脳30m闋�(y霉)鍒惰閰嶅紡闋�(y霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涙贩鍑濆湡绨�(ji菐n)鏀姗�,閲囩敤绛夐珮搴﹂洐绶氭暣楂斿紡闋�(y霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涙贩鍑濆湡妲藉舰姊佹埅闈�.姗嬪ⅸ閲囩敤T褰㈠ⅸ,鍩虹(ch菙)閲囩敤閴嗗瓟鐏屾敞妯�.

銆€銆€妲藉舰姊佹槸涓€绋笅鎵垮紡鍙楀姏妲�(g貌u)浠�,鍏跺偝鍔涢€斿緫鐐哄垪杌婅吉杓変綔鐢ㄤ簬妲藉舰姊佸簳鏉�,搴曟澘灏囪嵎杓夋┇鍚戝偝鑷冲叐鍋�(c猫)绺卞悜涓绘.涓绘鍏�(n猫i)閰嶆湁楂樺挤(qi谩ng)闋�(y霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涢嫾绛�,鎶垫姉姗嬭法绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐢卞鑽疯級鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑褰庣煩.妲藉舰姊佸叿鏈夊鍔犳⿱涓嬪噲绌�銆佹笡灏戝缓绛戦珮搴︺€佸叐鍋�(c猫)涓绘鍙彁渚涢殧闊冲睆浣滅敤銆佺府鐭柦宸ュ伐鏈熷強闄嶄綆浣跨敤鏈熷収(n猫i)鐨勮不(f猫i)鐢ㄧ瓑鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n).妲藉舰姊佺殑鍏烽珨灏哄瑕嬪湒1.

銆€銆€2 涓€鑸▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�

銆€銆€2.1 涓绘鍏�(n猫i)鍔涜▓(j矛)绠�

銆€銆€灏�(du矛)浜庝富姊佸収(n猫i)鍔涚殑瑷�(j矛)绠�,鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勬柟娉曟槸灏囦富姊佺啊(ji菐n)鍖栫偤涓€鑸殑绨�(ji菐n)鏀彈鍔涢珨绯�,閲囩敤绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勬柟娉曢€�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠�.

銆€銆€(1)鎭掕級鍏�(n猫i)鍔�:鍖呮嫭涓€鏈熸亽杓�(妲藉舰姊佽嚜閲�)鍙婁簩鏈熸亽杓�(65kN/m)浣滅敤涓嬬殑鍏�(n猫i)鍔�.瑷�(j矛)绠楃啊(ji菐n)鍦栧鍦�2鎵€绀�.

銆€銆€(2)娲昏級鍏�(n猫i)鍔�:鍒楄粖娲昏級鎸�6绡€(ji茅)杌婅紱绶ㄧ祫瑷�(j矛)绠�, 閲嶈粖鍜岀┖杌婅桓閲嶅垎鍒ョ偤140kN鍜�70kN.鑰冩叜鍒拌┎杓曡粚鐐洪洐绶�,渚濇摎(j霉)銆婂湴閻佃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑕�(gu墨)鑼冦€�(GB50157鈥�2003)[1],闆欑窔鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)鎸夊悇绶氬垪杌婃椿杓夌附鍜岃▓(j矛)绠�.鏁呮渶涓嶅埄鍔犺級鎯呮硜鐐洪洐绶氬悓鏅�(sh铆)鏈夐噸杌婇€氶亷.鍦�3鐐鸿法涓渶澶у綆鐭╃殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀湒寮�,闄愪簬绡囧箙,鍏朵粬涓嶄竴涓€鍒楀嚭.

銆€銆€涓绘鍏�(n猫i)鍔涜▓(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃尟绺戒簬琛�1.銆€銆€

銆€銆€

銆€銆€

 鏇村淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)?ji膩n)L鍟�锛�鍏矾鐩�(ji膩n)鐞嗗斧闋婚亾     鍏矾鐩�(ji膩n)鐞嗗斧璜栧
?09骞村叕璺洠(ji膩n)鐞嗚€冭│杓斿皫(d菐o)鐢辩敵鐜夎景銆佺帇蹇楃京銆佽硤褰ヨ姵銆佽懀杌嶅厗鑰佸斧鑱�(li谩n)鍚堜富璎�
?2009骞村叕璺洠(ji膩n)鐞嗗伐绋嬪斧鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)涓婇仩(yu菐n)绋嬭紨灏�(d菐o)鎷涚敓绨�(ji菐n)绔�锛�
?鑰佸斧杓斿皫(d菐o)姣忓ぉ24灏忔檪(sh铆)涓嶉檺鏅�(sh铆)闁撻毃鏅�(sh铆)鍙嶅京(f霉)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛�
?09骞村叕璺洠(ji膩n)鐞嗗斧灏囧叏閮ㄩ噰鐢ㄨ闋绘暀瀛�(xu茅). 

銆€銆€2.2 閬撳簥鏉垮収(n猫i)鍔涜▓(j矛)绠�

銆€銆€閬撳簥鏉挎寜鍠悜鏉块€�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠梉2-3],瑷�(j矛)绠楄法搴鍙栧叐涓绘鑵规澘涓窔鑸囬亾搴婃澘涓潰浜ら粸(di菐n)闁撶殑璺濋洟,鍙�1m瀵殑鏉挎閫�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠�.瑷�(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃垪浜庤〃2.銆€銆€

銆€銆€3 闆荤畻鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶

銆€銆€浠ヤ笂瑷�(j矛)绠椾富姊佸収(n猫i)鍔涚殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鏂规硶,閲囩敤浜嗙浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭啊(ji菐n)鍖栧亣瑷�(sh猫),瀵�(sh铆)闅涗笂鏄湪蹇界暐涓绘鎴潰灏哄褰遍熆鐨勫墠鎻愪笅閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑.浣嗗(sh铆)闅涗笂妲藉舰姊佹槸涓€鍊�(g猫)绌洪枔鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u),涓绘鎴潰鐨勪笉鍚岄儴鍒嗕箣闁撴湁钁楃浉浜掔殑褰遍熆.鑰岃繎骞翠締寰楀埌寤ｆ硾浣跨敤鐨凪idasCivil瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)杌熶欢,姝ｆ槸灏囦富姊佷綔鐐虹┖闁撴暣楂斿垎鏋�,鍙互鍏呭垎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗嬫绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng).鐐轰簡鍋氫竴姣旇純,鍚屾檪(sh铆)妾㈤(y脿n)鍌崇当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€�,绛嗚€呴噰鐢∕idas瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)杌熶欢灏�(du矛)涓绘鍏�(n猫i)鍔涢€�(j矛n)琛屼簡鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�.

銆€銆€3.1 妲藉舰姊佹ā鍨嬪寲

銆€銆€鐢变簬妲藉舰姊佺殑涓绘缈肩罚銆佽吂鏉垮強閬撳簥鏉跨殑鍘氬害鑸囨楂旂殑琛ㄩ潰灏哄鐩告瘮灏忓緱澶�,鍙繎浼煎湴灏囨Ы褰㈡瑕栫偤绌洪枔鎶樻澘鐨勮杽娈肩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u).鐐轰究浜庣祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬ā鍨嬪寲,棣栧厛渚濇摎(j霉)涓嬪垪鍘熷墖灏�(du矛)鎴潰閫�(j矛n)琛屾彌绠�:鈶犳埅闈㈢殑涓昏澶栧舰灏哄鍙婃澘鍘氬潎淇濇寔涓嶈畩;鈶′富姊侀儴鍒嗙殑涓拰杌镐綅缃熀鏈笉璁�;鈶富姊佽吂鏉跨殑鎴潰闈㈢⿳鍙婅吂鏉夸腑闈㈢殑鍌炬枩瑙掍繚鎸佷笉璁�;鈶ｄ富姊佷笂銆佷笅缈肩罚鏉跨殑鎴潰闈㈢⿳鍩烘湰涓嶈畩;鈶や富姊佹埅闈㈡部X鍜孻鏂瑰悜鐨勬叄鎬х煩Ix鍜孖y鍩烘湰涓嶈畩.

銆€銆€鎿�(j霉)姝�,鍙皣妲藉舰姊佸湪Midas涓缓绔嬫湁闄愬厓鍒嗘瀽妯″瀷,鍏剁副鍚戝妰鍒�15鍊�(g猫)鍠厓,姗悜鍔冨垎20鍊�(g猫)鍠厓.鐐轰簡淇濊瓑妯″瀷绗﹀悎瀵�(sh铆)闅涚祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u),鍦ㄥ叐绔倓澧炲姞浜嗙姗?ji菐n)鍗�?

銆€銆€妲藉舰姊侀噰鐢ㄥ洓榛�(di菐n)鏀拹[4],鍦ㄦā鍨嬩腑鍔犲叆绱勬潫姊濅欢骞跺畾缇╄嵎杓変箣鍚�,鍗冲彲閫�(j矛n)琛屽収(n猫i)鍔涘垎鏋�.鑽疯級鐨勭ó椤炲拰澶у皬鑸囨墜绠楁檪(sh铆)鐩稿悓,鐗瑰垾鍦�,浜屾湡鎭掕級鎸塯2=65/8.98=7.24kN/m2鎻涚畻鐐洪潰鑽疯級閫�(j矛n)琛屽姞杓�.

銆€銆€3.2 闆荤畻绲�(ji茅)鏋滃垎鏋�

銆€銆€鐢变簬鑽疯級鍙婄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫皪(du矛)绋辨€�,鍚勭ó鑽疯級浣滅敤涓嬫澘鍠厓鐨勬┇鍚戝綆鐭╁€煎彲鍙彇绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪竴鍗婇€�(j矛n)琛岃瀵�.琛�3鎵€鍒楃偤鑽疯級绲勫悎浣滅敤涓嬪悇鍠厓鐨勬┇鍚戝綆鐭╁€�,鍦�4鐐烘┇鍚戝綆鐭╂部绺卞悜鐨勫垎甯冨湒.鍏跺畠鑽疯級鎯呮硜鏈竴涓€鍒楀嚭.

銆€銆€4 鍒嗘瀽鑸囨瘮杓�

銆€銆€寰為浕绠楃殑绲�(ji茅)鏋滃彲鐪嬪嚭,鍚勬澘鍠厓鍦ㄨ睅鍚戣嵎杓変綔鐢ㄤ笅涓嶅儏鏈�(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐢熼洐鍚戝綆鏇插拰鎵綁(zhu菐n),鑰屼笖鐢变簬鍏卞悓宸ヤ綔閭勫紩璧锋媺浼歌畩褰�.鑰岃吂鏉胯檿鐨勬澘鍠厓?ji菐ng)t鍙楁硶鍚戞噳(y墨ng)鍔�銆佸壀鍒囧拰鎵€佸綆鍏卞悓浣滅敤,绺界殑渚嗚妲藉舰姊佹瘮涓€鑸笂鎵垮紡姊佺殑宸ヤ綔鐙€鎱�(t脿i)璞庡悜鑽疯級浣滅敤涓嬩笉鍍呮渻(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐢熼洐鍚戝綆鏇插拰鎵綁(zhu菐n),鑰屼笖鐢变簬鍏卞悓宸ヤ綔閭勫紩璧锋媺浼歌畩褰�.鑰岃吂鏉胯檿鐨勬澘鍠厓?ji菐ng)t鍙楁硶鍚戞噳(y墨ng)鍔�銆佸壀鍒囧拰鎵�銆佸綆鍏卞悓浣滅敤,绺界殑渚嗚妲藉舰姊佹瘮涓€鑸笂鎵垮紡姊佺殑宸ヤ綔鐙€鎱�(t脿i)瑕佸京(f霉)闆滅殑澶�.銆€銆€

銆€銆€灏�(du矛)鍏╃ó鏂规硶鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃皪(du矛)姣斿垎鏋愬悗鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n),瀹冨€戜箣闁撳瓨鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱殑宸垾.鐒¤珫鍝ó鑽疯級鎯呮硜,鎵嬬畻绲�(ji茅)鏋滃潎姣旈浕绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃ぇ,鍚勭ó鑽疯級浣滅敤涓嬫┇鍚戝綆鐭╁€兼部姊侀暦鏂瑰悜鐨勮畩鍖栬定鍕�(sh矛)涔熶笉鐩稿悓.绺介珨鑰岃█,鍒╃敤鎵嬬畻鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋滈€�(j矛n)琛岄厤绛嬭▓(j矛)绠�,鏄亸瀹夊叏鐨勮檿鐞嗘柟娉�.宸暟鐨勪富瑕佸師鍥犲湪浜庝互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰:

銆€銆€(1)鍦ㄩ浕绠楀垎鏋愪腑,灏囩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浣滅偤涓€鍊�(g猫)鏁撮珨,鍏剁祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸鐢卞叡鍚屼綔鐢ㄧ敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑;鑰屾墜绠楁檪(sh铆)鍓囦笉鑳藉緢濂藉湴楂旂従(xi脿n)閫欑ó鍏卞悓浣滅敤,鏁呭皫(d菐o)鑷磋▓(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃亸澶�.

銆€銆€(2)鍦ㄩ浕绠楀垎鏋愪腑,绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璺ㄤ腑閮ㄥ垎鐨勬澘鍠厓鍙楀埌鐨勬槸鐩搁劙鏉垮柈鍏冪殑绱勬潫,鑰岀閮ㄧ殑鏉垮柈鍏冨彈鍒扮殑鏄敮搴ц垏绔┇姊佺殑绱勬潫,鍏╃ó绱勬潫姊濅欢涓嶅悓.閫欏氨浣垮緱鑽疯級浣滅敤涓�,鍠厓鐨勫綆鐭╁€兼部姊侀暦鐨勮畩鍖栬定鍕�(sh矛)鍦ㄨ法涓垏

銆€銆€绔儴骞朵笉鐩稿悓.

銆€銆€(3)鐢变簬妲藉舰姊佸(sh铆)闅涗笂鏄竴绋銆佹澘绲勫悎鐨勭┖闁撴暣楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u),鑰岃闅呴儴鍒嗗張鏄銆佹澘鐨勯€ｆ帴铏�,绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寰�(f霉)闆�.浣嗙敱浜庤粺浠舵湰韬殑鐗归粸(di菐n),浣垮緱闆荤畻灏�(du矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍦ㄨ闅呰檿鐨勫垎鏋愮祼(ji茅)鏋滃苟涓嶆槸澶悊鎯�,寰炶€屼篃灏�(d菐o)鑷村叐绋柟娉曞湪瑙掗殔铏曠殑瑷�(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滄湁鍑哄叆.鐐轰繚璀夐浕绠椾腑瑙掗殔閮ㄥ垎鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楃簿搴�,鎳�(y墨ng)灏囪闅呴儴鍒嗗柈鐛�(d煤)鍙栧嚭,浣滈€�(j矛n)涓€姝ョ殑绱�(x矛)閮ㄥ垎鏋愯▓(j矛)绠�.銆€銆€

銆€銆€5 绲�(ji茅)璜�

銆€銆€绺界祼(ji茅)涓婅堪鐨勫垎鏋愮祼(ji茅)鏋滃彲鐭�,鍏╃ó瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉曞悇鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸(di菐n).闆荤畻鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛湪浜庡缓绔嬩竴鍊�(g猫)鑸囧(sh铆)闅涜純鐐烘帴杩戠殑妯″瀷;鍚屾檪(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)閲囩敤澶氱ó杌熶欢閫�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠楀垎鏋愬拰姣旇純.鑰屾墜绠楃殑闂�(gu膩n)閸靛湪浜庢墍渚濇摎(j霉)鐨勭悊璜栨槸鍚﹀彲闈�,閲囩敤鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉曟槸鍚︽纰哄彲琛�.

銆€銆€鐢变簬妲藉舰姊佹(g貌u)閫犲京(f霉)闆�,鐞嗚珫鐮旂┒閭勪笉澶犳垚鐔�,鑰岀洰鍓嶅凡寤烘垚鐨勫(sh铆)渚嬩篃杓冨皯.渚濇摎(j霉)浠ヤ笂鍒嗘瀽鐮旂┒,绲﹀嚭浠ヤ笅骞鹃粸(di菐n)寤鸿:

銆€銆€(1)鎵嬬畻鎵€寰椾富姊佸収(n猫i)鍔涘潎鍋忓ぇ,鎳�(y墨ng)閬╃暥(d膩ng)绲�(ji茅)鍚堥浕绠楁柟娉曠稖鍚堢⒑瀹�.

銆€銆€(2)鎵嬬畻閬撳簥鏉垮収(n猫i)鍔涙檪(sh铆),娌挎鍏ㄩ暦鍧囬噰鐢ㄥ柈浣嶆澘瀵殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀€�,鍋忎簬瀹夊叏,娴不(f猫i)鏉愭枡.鎳�(y墨ng)瑭蹭緷鎿�(j霉)鍔涚殑璁婂寲瓒ㄥ嫝(sh矛)閫�(j矛n)琛岄厤绛嬭▓(j矛)绠�,寰炶€岄仈(d谩)鍒版笡灏戦嫾鏉愮敤閲�,闄嶄綆鎴愭湰鐨勭洰鐨�.

銆€銆€(3)浠婂悗,鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄨ│椹�(y脿n)鍙婄悊璜栨柟闈㈠姞寮�(qi谩ng)灏�(du矛)妲藉舰姊佽闅呴儴鍒嗙殑鐮旂┒.鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍦ㄨō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑷�(j矛)绠椾腑鎳�(y墨ng)鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)瑙掗殔閮ㄥ垎鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛),骞堕€�(j矛n)琛岀浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勯(y脿n)绠�.

銆€銆€鍙冭€冩枃鐛�(xi脿n):

銆€銆€[1]GB50157鈥�2003,鍦伴惖瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑕�(gu墨)鑼僛S].鍖椾含:涓湅閻甸亾鍑虹増绀�,2003.

銆€銆€[2]TB10002.3鈥�99,閻佃矾姗嬫兜閶肩瓔娣峰嚌鍦熷拰闋�(y霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涙贩鍑濆湡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑕�(gu墨)鑼僛S].鍖椾含:涓湅閻甸亾鍑虹増绀�,1999.

銆€銆€[3]榛冨妽婧�,璎濇棴.鍩庡競楂樻灦姗嬬殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫鑸囪▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉昜M].鍖椾含:绉戝(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�,2001.

銆€銆€[4]鏈变竴鍑�,鍔夋捣槌�.鏀骇杞�(zhu菐n)鍕�(d貌ng)绱勬潫灏�(du矛)閫ｇ簩(x霉)姊佸収(n猫i)鍔涚殑褰遍熆鍙婇’寮忚〃绀篬J].闈掑扯寤虹瓚宸ョ▼瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠(xu茅)鍫�(b脿o),1998,19(3):23-26.

銆€銆€[5]鐜嬬帀鐢�,棣煿寤�,绔犲亯,绛�.鏌愬崐鍓涙(g貌u)鈥曢€ｇ簩(x霉)绠辨鐗瑰ぇ姗嬫柦宸ョ洠(ji膩n)鎺ф妧琛�(sh霉)[J].闈掑扯鐞嗗伐澶у(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)鍫�(b脿o),2006,27(4):14-18.

銆€銆€[6]寰愯壏绉�.鍦撳績瑙掑皪(du矛)闋�(y霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涚牸鏇茬窔閫ｇ簩(x霉)姊佸綀濉戞€у姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫奖闊縖J].闈掑扯鐞嗗伐澶у(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)鍫�(b脿o),2006,27(1):64-67.