2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材概括大意文章及譯文5

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　　LED Lighting

　　1　An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb. The breakthrough adds to a growing trend that is likely to eventually make Thomas Edison's bright invention1 obsolete.LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible and operate less expensively than traditional lighting.

　　2　Michael Bowers, a graduate student2 at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dots, which are crystals generally only a few nanometers big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons3. They're easily excited bundles of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers' particular batch was exceptionally small, containing only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms.

　　3　When you shine a light on quantum dots or apply electricity to them, they react by producing their own light, normally a bright, vibrant color. But when Bowers shined a laser on his batch of dots, something unexpected happened. He was surprised when a white glow covered the table. The quantum dots were supposed to emit blue light4, but instead they were giving off a beautiful white glow.

　　4　Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix. The lumpy bulb wasn't pretty, but it produced white light singular to a regular light bulb.

　　5　LEDs produce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and bum for over 50,000 hours. The Department of Energy estimates LED lighting could reduce U. S. energy consumption for lighting by 29 percent by 2025. LEDs don't emit heat, so they're also more energy efficient. And they're much harder to break.

　　6　Quantum dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything5 and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors, including white. The main light source of the future will almost surely not be a bulb. It might be a table, a wall, or even a fork.

　　詞匯：

　　LED / ,eli:’di: / = light-emitting diode發(fā)光二極管

　　obsolete / ’?bs?li:t/ adj.過時(shí)的，被淘汰的

　　flashlight / ’fl??la?t/ n.手電筒

　　architectural / ,?:k?’tekt??r?l / adj.建筑的

　　quantum / ’kw?nt?m / n.量子

　　crystal / ’kr?stl / n.晶體

　　batch / b?t?/ n.一批

　　vibrant / ’va?br?nt /adj.(顏色)鮮明的

　　polyurethane / ,p?l?’j??r?θe?n, -?n / n.聚亞安酯

　　lumpy / ’l?mp?/ adj.粗糙的

　　注釋：

　　1.bright invention：聰明的發(fā)明

　　2.graduate student：研究生

　　3.Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons：量子點(diǎn)含100～1000個(gè)電子不等。anywhere是“(限定范圍內(nèi)的)任何一點(diǎn)”。又如：

　　His monthly salary is anywhere between 3,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan.他的月工資在3000～5000元之間。

　　4.The quantum dots were supposed to emit blue light：按常規(guī)，量子點(diǎn)會(huì)發(fā)出藍(lán)色光。be supposed to是“被期望(按規(guī)則、慣例)做某事”。又如：

　　They were supposed to have finished writing the report three days ago.他們?nèi)烨熬驮搶懲昴欠輬?bào)告。

　　5.just about anything：幾乎任何東西。about = almost。

　　練習(xí)

　　1.Paragraph l ________

　　2.Paragraph 3 ________

　　3.Paragraph 5 ________

　　4.Paragraph 6 ________

　　A　LED Lighting Is Not Mature

　　B　LED Lighting Will Replace Traditional Lighting

　　C　Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the Future

　　D　LED Lighting Has Many Advantages

　　E　Bowers Made an Unexpected Discovery

　　F　LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy

　　5.Unlike traditional lighting, LEDs do not give out heat so ________.

　　6.Edison's bright invention is likely to be outdated because ________.

　　7.Something unexpected happened during Bower's experiment when ________.

　　8.Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if ________.

　　A　traditional lighting is less durable and dearer

　　B　a laser excited the quantum dots

　　C　America adopted LEDs

　　D　graduate students work hard

　　E　quantum dot mixtures are magic

　　F　it is more efficient

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B　第一段第一句、第二句是關(guān)鍵。第一句說LED照明經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，經(jīng)久耐用。第二句說愛迪生的發(fā)明將被淘汰。其意思是LED將取代傳統(tǒng)照明源，所以B是答案。

　　2.E　Bowers做實(shí)驗(yàn)，目的并非尋找新照明源。量子點(diǎn)在激光的激發(fā)下發(fā)出白光是一次意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。段中用了“unexpected”和“surprised”都說明了這一點(diǎn)。第一段的“accidental discovery”也佐證了這是一次偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此，E是答案。

　　3.D　第五段列舉了應(yīng)用LED照朋的不少優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如強(qiáng)亮度、經(jīng)久耐用、低能量消耗、不易碎等。選項(xiàng)D的“LED lighting has many advantages”概括了本段的大意，所以D是答案。

　　4.C　由于有了量子點(diǎn)混合劑涂料，幾乎任何物體都能用于照明。這是本段的中心思想。所以，C是答案。

　　5.F　題干涉及的內(nèi)容在第五段可以找到，有關(guān)的句子是：“LEDs don’t emit heat, so they’re also more energy efficient”，很明顯，F(xiàn)是答案。

　　6.A　選A的依據(jù)是第一段第一句、第二句。

　　7.B　與題干有關(guān)的內(nèi)容在第三段第二句、第三句中可以找到。根據(jù)這兩句表達(dá)的意思，B是答案。

　　8.C　題干的“29 percent of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025”可在第五段第二句中找到。題干配上選項(xiàng)C后表達(dá)的意思與該句的意思相符，所以C是答案。

　　譯文：發(fā)光二極管

　　日前公布的一項(xiàng)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)將發(fā)光二極管的研究推向新的高潮。這項(xiàng)研究顯示，發(fā)光二極管與傳統(tǒng)的電燈泡比起來，可能會(huì)更廉價(jià)、使用更持久。這項(xiàng)重大突破使人們看到，未來的趨勢(shì)很可能是，愛迪生的發(fā)明將逐漸失去它的價(jià)值。目前發(fā)光二極管已被用于交通信號(hào)燈、手電筒和建筑照明，他們跟傳統(tǒng)的電燈比起來更靈活，操作成本更低廉。

　　Vanderbilt大學(xué)的一名研究生 Michael Bowers正試圖制造出一種非常小的量子點(diǎn)。這些量子點(diǎn)基本上都是晶體，且只有幾毫微米大小，里面包含 100～1000個(gè)不等的光子。這些光子就是很容易激活的能量束，并且他們體積越小，能量越可能達(dá)到最強(qiáng)烈的程度。這些能量束中的每一個(gè)光點(diǎn)都異常小，只包括 33或 34對(duì)的原子。

　　當(dāng)我們把光照射到量子點(diǎn)上或者給它們通上電，它們會(huì)有所反應(yīng)，即發(fā)出自己的光，通常是一種耀眼的、振動(dòng)的色彩。但當(dāng) Bowers把激光照在量子點(diǎn)上的時(shí)候，意想不到的事情發(fā)生了。當(dāng)一種白色的光束照在桌子上時(shí)他驚呆了――這些量子點(diǎn)本應(yīng)該發(fā)出藍(lán)光的，但是相反的，他們發(fā)出的是美麗的白色光。

　　Bowers和另一個(gè)學(xué)生就此有了另一個(gè)想法，他們把聚亞安酯摻在這些量子點(diǎn)中，將混合物涂在一個(gè)藍(lán)色的發(fā)光二極管燈泡上，這個(gè)看上去不怎么好看的燈泡發(fā)出了一種白色的光，跟我們普通用的燈泡極為相似。

　　發(fā)光二極管發(fā)出的光是普通 60瓦燈泡的兩倍、且可以持續(xù)使用達(dá) 5萬小時(shí)。據(jù)能源部估計(jì)，至 2025年，使用發(fā)光二極管照明會(huì)為美國(guó)節(jié)約 29%的能源。另外，發(fā)光二極管不會(huì)散熱，這也有助于能源節(jié)約。與此同時(shí)。與傳統(tǒng)燈泡比起來發(fā)光二極管更不易碎。

　　量子點(diǎn)混合物可以涂在任何事物的表層，通電后會(huì)產(chǎn)生一道道色彩，其中包括白色。我們未來的光源很可能不再是燈泡，相反地，它可以是任何東西，比如一張餐桌，一道墻，甚至是一支餐叉。