2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(理工類)教材概括大意文章及譯文13

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　Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu

　　1　If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case1.

　　2　But it's a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with2 preliminary guidelines. "We don't want people wearing them everywhere," said the CDC. "The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."

　　3　When that's not possible3, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you're sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you4. Third, you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.

　　4　Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.

　　5　During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren't masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway5 instead.

　　6　Nor does flu only spread through the air6. Say7 someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole8. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you've been exposed. It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.

　　7　Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.

　　詞匯：

　　furiously 強(qiáng)烈地 outbreak (疾病的)暴發(fā)

　　pandemic 全國(guó)流行的(疾病);n.大流行，大傳染病

　　mutate 變異 strain 菌株 virus-laden 充滿細(xì)菌的

　　sneeze 打噴嚏 don 穿上

　　doorknob 門把手 germy 帶有細(xì)菌的

　　注釋：

　　1.just in case：就是為了預(yù)防萬一

　　2.came up with：(針對(duì)問題、挑戰(zhàn))提出

　　3.When that’s not possible：在無法做到的情況下。When從句中的that替代上一段的avoid exposure。

　　4.such as a family member checking on you：例如你的家庭成員來檢查你的病情

　　5.subway：(美)地鐵。英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的地鐵是underground. subway在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中是“(通過馬路的)地下人行通道”。

　　6.Nor does flu only spread through the air：流感不僅僅通過空氣傳染。nor用于句首時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如：He does not speak Russian. Nor do I.他不會(huì)說俄語(yǔ)，我也不會(huì)。

　　7.Say：比如說

　　8.subway pole：地鐵車廂豎桿扶手

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Paragraph 2 _________.

　　2.Paragraph 3 _________.

　　3.Paragraph 5 _________.

　　4.Paragraph 6 _________.

　　A　Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection List

　　B　Effort to Stop Flu from Spreading

　　C　When to Use Face Masks

　　D　Guidelines on Mask Use

　　E　Warnings from the CDC

　　F　Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks

　　5.The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not _________.

　　6.The CDC is afraid that the public may _________.

　　7.The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists _________.

　　8.We can infer from the passage that the US authorities _________.

　　A　overuse face masks

　　B　deal with the mask problem seriously

　　C　rub their faces and noses in the subway

　　D　protest against the mask guidelines

　　E　help protect people from being attacked by a flu

　　F　announce the results of their mask research

　　答案與題解：

　　1.D　第二段說美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心出臺(tái)口罩使用原則，防止公眾過度使用口罩。選項(xiàng)D是答案。

　　2.C　第三段是對(duì)第二段的口罩使用原則作細(xì)節(jié)描述，談及三種情況下可以使用口罩。選項(xiàng)C的“When to use masks”概括了本段的大意，因此是答案。

　　3.A　第五段列舉了流感期間自我保護(hù)的幾條意見，最重要兩條是不要到人多的地方去和遠(yuǎn)離流感病人。使用口罩并沒有列入自我保護(hù)的幾條意見中。后半段解釋說，如果列人可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生弊病。選項(xiàng)A的“Reasons for excluding masks from the self-protection list”概括了本段的大意，所以是答案。

　　4.F　第六段的中心思想是說流感不僅僅是通過空氣傳染，觸摸也是傳染的一個(gè)途徑。帶有流感病毒的手和口罩也是傳染病毒的中介源。選項(xiàng)F概括了本段的大意，所以是答案。

　　5.E　第一段和第七段都談到科學(xué)家正在進(jìn)行有關(guān)口罩能否保護(hù)個(gè)人免受流感感染的研究。很明顯，E是答案。

　　6.A　第二段說CDC出臺(tái)了指導(dǎo)原則，其中一個(gè)重要目的是防止公眾過度使用口罩。原句是：“We don’t want people wearing them everywhere”。選項(xiàng)A是答案。

　　7.F　與題干有關(guān)的內(nèi)容在第七段能夠找到。根據(jù)該段所表達(dá)的意思，F(xiàn)是答案。

　　8.B　authorities是“政府部門”。美國(guó)有關(guān)部門出臺(tái)了一份包括口罩使用在內(nèi)的指導(dǎo)原則，又有科學(xué)家對(duì)口罩的使用問題進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)研究，應(yīng)該說工作是嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的。題干接上選項(xiàng)B的“deal with the mask problem seriously”就表達(dá)了這層意思。B是答案。

　　譯文：口罩也許無法預(yù)防感冒

　　如果一場(chǎng)超級(jí)流感暴發(fā)，口罩也許不能保護(hù)你。在下一次世界性的流感暴發(fā)期間，廣泛使用口罩是否有用還是個(gè)問題，科學(xué)家正認(rèn)真研究該題，但至今還沒有任何結(jié)果。然而，為了以防萬一，政府建議在某些情況下還是應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮佩戴口罩。

　　但當(dāng)政府為下一次流感流行做準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，公眾仍心存疑問。所以美國(guó)疾病控制欲預(yù)防中心提出了一些初步指導(dǎo)原則，“我們不希望人們到處戴著口罩，”他們說，“總體上是建議要避免到有流感病毒的場(chǎng)合去?！?/P>

　　在無法避免的情況下，指導(dǎo)原則提出，在以下三種情況 下應(yīng)考慮佩戴一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的外科手術(shù)口罩：第一，你很健康但要到一個(gè)人群擁擠的地方;第二，你已經(jīng)生病了但仍要與健康的人接觸，如家庭成員要來看你的病情;第三，與你居住在一起的人已經(jīng)感冒了，也許你已經(jīng)處在傳染的早期階段，但你仍需外出。

　　當(dāng)易變異的感冒病毒出現(xiàn)人們從未遇到過的新種類時(shí)，全國(guó)性的流行性感冒就會(huì)暴發(fā)。如果亞洲的禽流感開始輕易地在人與人之間傳播，就可能會(huì)引起一場(chǎng)這樣的 大流行性疾病，雖然人們的憂慮不斷升級(jí)，但科學(xué)家仍 無法預(yù)測(cè)這樣的大暴發(fā)什么時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

　　在流感期間，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)自我保護(hù)。避免到人多的地方去，遠(yuǎn)離流感病人，除非你必須照顧病人。為什么不把口罩放入自我保護(hù)的措施中呢?口罩能把咳嗽或打噴嚏飛出的含有病毒的飛沫攔截住。但簡(jiǎn)易的外科手術(shù)口罩只能過濾大的飛沫。此外，美國(guó)疾病控制欲預(yù)防中心擔(dān)心口罩可能會(huì)制造一種虛假的安全感。也許原本會(huì)待在家里的人會(huì)戴上一個(gè)不合適的口罩跑去坐地鐵。

　　流感不僅僅是通過空氣傳染。有些人打噴嚏時(shí)會(huì)用手遮擋，帶有病毒的手會(huì)接觸到門把手或是地鐵里的扶手。如果你碰到這些東西，然后把帶有流感病毒的手接觸到嘴或者鼻子，你就有可能被傳染。戴口罩時(shí)你很難去擦鼻子，于是臉在口罩下就變得汗津津的，當(dāng)你去擦汗時(shí)，病毒就直接 被帶到了鼻子里。這些問題就是口罩帶給他們的使用者的。

　　人們是否應(yīng)該使用口罩仍然是個(gè)問題。公眾還要耐心地等待科學(xué)家的研究結(jié)果。

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