2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材概括大意文章及譯文15

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　　Maglev Trains

　　1　A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation 1 , which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

　　2 If you've ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.

　　3　The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a　maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power　source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the　underside of the train.

　　4　The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine -- at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.

　　5　The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push~ th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

　　6　Maglev trains float on a cushion of air', eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.

　　詞匯：

　　Levitate v. 懸浮 electrified v. 使帶電

　　Levitation n. 懸浮 magnetize v. 使帶磁

　　guideway n. 導(dǎo)向槽 line v.排列成行

　　propelb vt. 推進(jìn) underside n.下側(cè)，下面

　　propulsion n. 推進(jìn) undercarriage n. 車盤

　　注釋:

　　1. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation :maglev 是 magnetic levitation 的縮略詞。

　　2. opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other: 異極相吸，同極相斥

　　3. AA-cell battery:5號電池

　　4. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks: 至少不是沿著軌道拉動(dòng)典型的火車車廂的那種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。

　　5. the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train: 由嵌入導(dǎo)向壁內(nèi)的電磁線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場加上軌道，一起推動(dòng)火車前進(jìn)。The magnetic field 和 the track 是句子主語，created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls 是過去分詞短語，用作定語，修飾the magnetic field.

　　練習(xí):

　　1. Paragraph 3

　　2. Paragraph 4

　　3. Paragraph 5

　　4. Paragraph 6

　　A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System

　　B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction

　　C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train

　　D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field

　　E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones

　　F Maglev with a Powerful Motor

　　5. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets

　　6. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery 　　　　.

　　7. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils

　　8. The frictionless maglev train enables you

　　A to develop a maglev train rail system

　　B To explain why maglev trains are faster

　　C to pull and push the train forward

　　D to create a magnetic field

　　E to experiment with the maglev train

　　F to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours

　　答案與題解：

　　1. A 第三段了舉了磁浮列車的三個(gè)組成部分，動(dòng)力源、金屬線圈和此貼。選項(xiàng)A 概括了第三段列的內(nèi)容。

　　2. E 第四段就磁浮列車和傳統(tǒng)火車進(jìn)行了比較：磁浮列車沒有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)而傳統(tǒng)火車有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。選項(xiàng)C用comparsion 來概括是準(zhǔn)確的。

　　3. C 第五段比較詳細(xì)的介紹了為什么磁浮列車會向前運(yùn)動(dòng)，也就揭示了磁浮列車的工作原理。

　　4. B 在第五段解釋了磁浮列車浮起和向前運(yùn)動(dòng)的原理之后，作者在第六段中進(jìn)行了磁浮列車速度奇快的原因：去除了傳統(tǒng)火車的車輪于鐵軌的摩擦。

　　5. A 選A 的依據(jù)是本文第一段第一句：A few countries using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains.

　　6.D第二段說，把電線與干電池相連接就能產(chǎn)生一個(gè)小磁場，而磁浮列車的運(yùn)動(dòng)原理與此相同。第二段第四句是選擇D的依據(jù)。

　　7. C第五段的第二句，即“0nce the train is levitated，power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway”，是選擇c的依據(jù)。

　　8.F本文最后一句舉出坐上時(shí)速500公里的磁浮列車從巴黎到羅馬只需約2小時(shí)這個(gè)例子來說明磁浮列車速度之快。

　　譯文：磁懸浮列車

　　一些國家正在使用強(qiáng)有力的額電磁體發(fā)展高速列車，這種列車叫作磁懸浮列車。Maglev是磁懸浮的縮略詞，它意味著這些列車漂浮在導(dǎo)向槽上，導(dǎo)向槽是使用磁鐵的基本原理來替換原來的鋼輪子和鋼軌道的列車。

　　如果你曾經(jīng)玩過磁鐵，你知道異極相吸，同極相斥的道理。這是 電磁式推進(jìn)背后的基本原理。電磁體與其他磁鐵在吸引金屬物品方面是一樣的，但是電磁力是暫時(shí)的。你能通過銅絲連接一節(jié)5號電池的正負(fù)極很容易地自己創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)小的電磁體。這就創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)小磁場。如果你從電池分開導(dǎo)線的任意一個(gè)末端，磁場就消失。

　　這個(gè)導(dǎo)線和電池實(shí)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造的磁場是磁懸浮列車系統(tǒng)背后的簡單想法。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有三個(gè)成分：一個(gè)大電能來源、金屬卷排列成導(dǎo)向槽或軌道和附著在列車下面的大的導(dǎo)電磁體。

　　磁懸浮列車和傳統(tǒng)列車之間的一個(gè)很大的大區(qū)別是磁懸浮列車沒有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)――至少不是沿著軌道拉動(dòng)典型的火車車廂的那種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。磁懸浮列車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相當(dāng)不顯眼。代替礦物燃料的使用，由嵌入導(dǎo)向壁內(nèi)的電磁線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場加上軌道，一起推動(dòng)火車前進(jìn)。

　　導(dǎo)向槽是沿著軌道延伸的帶磁性的線圈。它排斥在列車的車盤上的大磁鐵，允許列車在導(dǎo)向槽之上1―10cm之間懸浮。一旦列車被懸浮，就把力量供給在導(dǎo)向槽墻體之內(nèi)的線卷來創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)單獨(dú)的磁場系統(tǒng)，沿著導(dǎo)向槽推拉列車。在導(dǎo)向槽墻體內(nèi)供給線圈的電流不斷交替改變被磁化的線卷的極性。在極性上的變化造成了列車前面的磁場向前拉動(dòng)列車，而在列車后面的磁場增加更多向前推力。

　　磁懸浮列車漂浮在氣墊上來減少摩擦。這種缺乏摩擦(的狀態(tài))讓這些列車超過500kph的速度，(這個(gè)速度)是地面交通工具史無前例的速度，或者是最快的傳統(tǒng)列車兩倍的速度。500kph，你可能用剛好超過兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間從巴黎旅行到羅馬。

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