2014年職稱英語衛(wèi)生A閱讀理解原文

【新】2014年職稱英語考試試題及答案（全套）

　　原文來自于職稱英語教材閱讀判斷第十二篇

　　First Self-contained Heart Implanted 【首例整套人工心臟移植】

　　A patient on the brink of death has received the world’s first self-contained artificial heart―a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.

　　Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.

　　The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person’s life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient’s quality of life.

　　The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.

　　“I think it’s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American heart Association. However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.

　　Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears.

　　“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “It’s going to be hard to replace that with a machine.”

　　The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body’s needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.

　　文章中文翻譯：

　　首例整套人工心臟移植

　　一位病危的患者接受了世界上第一個整套人工心臟移植――一個壘球般大小、由電池驅(qū)動的裝置。這個裝置運(yùn)行時不需要電線，且患者胸部不必附帶軟管。

　　周一，在猶太醫(yī)院內(nèi)，兩名來自路易斯維爾大學(xué)的醫(yī)生經(jīng)過7小時的手術(shù)，給病人植入了鈦和塑料的泵狀心臟。該醫(yī)院聲稱，病人已于周二蘇醒，反應(yīng)靈敏，且正在安逸地休息。但拒絕透露病人的個人信息。

　　醫(yī)生說，病人如果不做手術(shù)，可能在一個月內(nèi)死亡，院方預(yù)計此人工心臟僅能延長病人一個月的壽命。但這一裝置卻被視為改善病人生命質(zhì)量的重要一步。

　　這種稱作AbioCor的新泵，與20世紀(jì)80年代那種通過管線與體外龐大機(jī)械相連的機(jī)械心臟相比，也是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)飛躍。那些舊機(jī)械心臟當(dāng)中最為著名的便是Jarvic-7型，其采用空氣作為泵輸出裝置，與一個洗衣機(jī)般大小的器械相連接。

　　美國心臟協(xié)會主席David Faxon博士說：“這可能是人工心臟發(fā)展中的重大飛躍。”但他還說，可植入的永久性人工心臟這一夢想還不現(xiàn)實(shí)，“很顯然，這只是一個實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置，能否長期成功還有待證實(shí)?！钡却齽e人捐獻(xiàn)心臟的4 200個美國人中去年只有大約一半人接受到捐獻(xiàn)，剩余的大部分人都死亡了。

　　包括里士滿弗吉尼亞醫(yī)學(xué)院心臟病學(xué)主任Robert Higgins在內(nèi)的一些醫(yī)生說，人工心臟不太可能替代捐獻(xiàn)的心臟。

　　“如果移植得好，一個捐獻(xiàn)的心臟可存活15―30年，”他說，“而這一點(diǎn)機(jī)器是很難代替的?！?/P>

　　AbioCor含有一個重達(dá)2磅的泵輸出裝置以及根據(jù)身體需要調(diào)整泵速度的電子控制器。它以佩戴在體外的一組小電池作為動力，通過皮膚來傳遞電流。

　　36. 前兩段告訴Self-contained artificial heart

　　A. was made of titanium and pump

　　B. had brought the patient to the brink of death

　　C. did not need to get power from outside the body

　　D. was invented by two surgeous from university of Louisville

　　37. 病人接收 the first self-contained heart

　　A. could not afford a donor heart

　　B. was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation

　　C. died two month’s after the heart implantation

　　D. was reluctant to release his or her personal information

　　38. 第四段中the Jarvic-7 is

　　A. the most expensive mechanical heart

　　B. a mechanical heart used in the 1980s

　　C. as advanced as A biocor

　　D. replacing A biocor

　　39. 通過Dr. David Faxon, the self-contained heart is

　　A. a milestone in the artificial heart development

　　B. still in the experimental stage

　　C. an implantable, permanent artificial heart

　　D. unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts

　　40.從文章推斷出donor heart

　　A. saved the lives of about 2100 Americans the year before the report

　　B. will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or later

　　C. are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial hearts

　　D. can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant.

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