2015年成人高考專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):定語(yǔ)從句

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　　定語(yǔ)從句

　　1)修飾人的定語(yǔ)從句

　　who 主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)(口語(yǔ)中，可省略)

　　that 主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)(可省略，前面不能有介詞)

　　whom 賓語(yǔ)(前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)可省略)

　　whose 定語(yǔ)

　　Do you know the person to whom he is talking?

　　Do you know the person(whom/that) he is talking to?

　　He is the man (who/whom/that) you can rely on.

　　He is the man on whom you can rely.

　　Do you know the woman who(that) is watching TV?

　　You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.

　　The girls whose names were called stood up.

　　Here is the man (whom/that) you've been looking for.

　　He is a man on whom you can safely depend.

　　2)修飾物的定語(yǔ)從句

　　如果修飾的詞是物，而它在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，則可以用that和which.

　　如果修飾的詞是物，而它在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，則可以用that(可省略，前面不能有介詞)和which(前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)可省略)。

　　whose后接名詞做定語(yǔ)。

　　She wasn't on the train which /that arrived just now.

　　The dog which/that was lost has been found.

　　This is the question about which we've had so much discussion.

　　This is the question(that/which) we've had so much discussion about.

　　The novel (that/which) he recommended is worth reading.(be worth doing;值得做某事)

　　當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞是不定代詞，如anybody， nobody， nothing等，或是有only， very， 形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾的名詞時(shí)，從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞往往用that ， that作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略。

　　Is there anything (that ) I can do for you?

　　All(that) you have to do is to close the door and wait for him.

　　This is one of the easiest questions that do not need answering.

　　There is no one in the world who/that does not make a mistake.

　　定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞是不定代詞、only、very、形容詞最高級(jí)關(guān)聯(lián)詞用that，如果that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，則可以省略。

　　3)修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的定語(yǔ)從句

　　修飾時(shí)間的用when，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。

　　修飾地點(diǎn)的用where，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。

　　修飾原因的一般情況下跟的都是reason，用why關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　He came last night when I was going to bed.

　　I know of a place where we can have lunch.

　　She's going home where she can rest.

　　Do you know the reason why I left early?

　　There's no reason why he should do so.

　　4)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞that.修飾人時(shí)用who， whose， whom; 修飾物時(shí)用which， whose;修飾地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的名詞，且作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)分別用where， when.如：

　　Water， which is a clear liquid， has many uses.

　　Our guide， who is a Chinese ， is an excellent cook.

　　They will fly to Boston， where they can plan to stay for four days， and then go to New York.

　　He picked up the book， the cover of which had been torn.(tear-tore-torn 撕裂、撕碎)

　　He is our English teacher， whose wife is a manager in a big firm.

　　非限定性定語(yǔ)從句還可以修飾整個(gè)句子，關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用which.

　　The activity was postponed， which was exactly what we wanted.

　　They have invited me to attend the party， which is very kind of them.

　　限定型定語(yǔ)從句，如果修飾物并做賓語(yǔ)，前面又有介詞，只能用which. 但是如果定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是不定代詞，或是only，very以及形容詞最高級(jí)，只能用that.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中修飾物只能用which，修飾人只能用who.如果非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)句子，關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用which.

　　as 也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，多和such連用。如：

　　Boy as he was， he was chosen king.

　　He was in such a fury as I have never seen.

　　Let's discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.

　　1. August 15， 1999 was one of the greatest days in his life ______ he was accepted by a university.

　　A. while B. that C. which D. when

　　答案 D

　　2. Our concert turned out to be a great success， _______ they had never expected.

　　A. what B. that C. when D. which

　　答案 D

　　3. It was a cold winter night， and there wasn't anyone _______ the boy could turn to for help in the street.

　　A. that B. which C. whom D. what

　　答案 A

　　turn to sb. 向某人求助

　　4. All _____ is a continuous supply of fuel.

　　A. what is needed B. the thing needed

　　C. that is needed D. for their needs

　　答案 C

　　5. Huang Hong， ________ father is a taxi driver， studies computer science in the U.S.

　　A. her B. she's C. whose D. that

　　答案 C

　　6. Mr. Li is going to visit the university ________ he studied 25 years ago.

　　A. where B. which C. that D. in where

　　答案 D 正確答案 in which

　　答案 A

　　7. She had three sons， all ________ became doctors.

　　A. of which B. which C. of whom D. who

　　答案 C

　　8. The only thing _________ really matters to the children is how soon they can return home.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. /

　　答案 A

　　9. “Do you know Tom?”

　　“I think so. Isn't he _______ smokes incessantly(不停地)?”

　　A. who B. the man C. the man who D. the person which

　　答案 C

　　10. The seventeenth century was one ________ many significant advances were made in both science and philosophy.

　　A. in that B. in which C. whose D. of

　　答案 B

　　11. English words are not always spelled ________.

　　A. the way they sound B. the way they to sound

　　C. the way they're sounding D. as they are sounding

　　答案 A

　　12. Angel was the first girl ________ when you got here.

　　A. you talked to whom B. you talked to

　　C. whom you talked D. who talked you

　　A的正確答案為whom you talked to/to whom you talked to

　　答案 B

　　13. He arrived late， ________ was annoying.

　　A. what B. that C. which D. whom

　　答案 C

　　14. She was extremely understanding， _______ helped to calm James down.

　　A. which B. it C. that D. this

　　答案 A

　　15. I've never dined with you， sir; and I see no reason ________.

　　A. how should I now B. how I should now

　　C. why should I now D. why I should now

　　答案 D

　　16. The letter _______ I mailed to my sister a month before Christmas has not yet reached her.

　　A. that B. which C. / D. all of the above

　　答案 D

　　17. ________ is known to the world， Mark Twain was a great American writer.

　　A. That B. Which C. As D. It

　　答案 C

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