2015年成人高考專升本英語詞匯和語法復(fù)習(xí):狀語從句

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　　狀語從句

　　狀語從句可以用來表示時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、目的、結(jié)果、行為方式、比較、讓步等。

　　1)時間狀語從句

　　常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有when， whenever， before， after， while， as， once(一旦)，until， (ever) since， as soon as等。時間和條件狀語從句中表示將來的情況通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：

　　When you cross a road， you must be careful.

　　It will not be long before we meet again.

　　She comes here every month since she was a child to see her grandmother.

　　As soon as I know it， I'll tell you.

　　2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞有 where 和 wherever.如：

　　Sit down wherever you like.

　　Put it where you found it.

　　3)條件狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞有if， unless， as / so long as(只要)，in case(萬一)等。如：

　　As/So long as we don't give up， we are bound to succeed.(be bound to do sth. 注定要做某事;give up 放棄)

　　In case I gorget， please remind me of that.(remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事)

　　If it snows tomorrow， we will stay at home.

　　I will do anything as long as it is interesting.

　　4)原因狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞有because， as(由于，因?yàn)?， since(由于，既然)，now that(既然)，that等。

　　As I didn't know the way， I asked a policeman.

　　Since no one is against， we'll adopt the proposal.

　　Seeing that she's ill， she's unlikely to come.

　　Not that I dislike the work， but that I have no time.

　　4)原因狀語從句

　　because， as since， for 皆為“因?yàn)椤睍r的區(qū)別：

　　a.because 語氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答why引導(dǎo)的問句。它可和強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only， just以及否定詞not連用，其所引導(dǎo)的從句常位于主句之后，只有強(qiáng)調(diào)時才置于主句之前。Because從句還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，如It was because I wanted to see my mother that I went to Beijing last month.(It was…that/ It is …that)

　　b.As語氣較弱，較口語化，所表的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實(shí)，所以不用強(qiáng)調(diào)。As從句之前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)句和not， 也不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。As從句多置于主句之前。

　　c.Since 的語氣也比較弱，常表示對方已知的事實(shí)，往往相當(dāng)于漢語的“既然”。它和as 一樣，其前也不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和not， 也不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　d.For 和上述三個從屬連詞不同，它是一個等立連詞，比較文氣。它有時可用來作附加說明，We must get rid of carelessness， for it often leads to errors. 我們一定要克服粗枝大葉的毛病，因?yàn)檫@常導(dǎo)致錯誤。

　　5)目的狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞有so that， in order that， for fear that(以免)， in case(以免)等。

　　Speak clearly so that they may understand you.

　　He spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.

　　I've got the key in case we want to go inside.

　　6)結(jié)果狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞有so that， so…that， such…that等。such+名詞，so+形容詞，副詞。

　　It's such a good chance that we can't miss it.

　　He was so angry that he could not speak.

　　Everybody lent a hand so that the work was finished ahead of time.

　　7)方式狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有as(正如)和as if， as though.

　　He looks as if he's tired.

　　I did just as you told me.

　　8)讓步狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞有though， although， as(雖然)， even if， even though， no matter， whatever， however等。

　　Though I am fond of music， I can't play any instrument.(be fond of 喜愛)

　　Although it is difficult， we'll do it.

　　Whatever you say， I don't believe you.

　　as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時， 句子需要倒裝。

　　Try as you may， you will never succeed.

　　Young as she is， she is already familiar with most of the stories.

　　(be familiar with 對……熟悉;be similar to 和……相似)

　　Old as I am， I can still climb the mountain.

　　9)比較狀語從句

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有than和as(像…一樣)。

　　I can walk faster than you can run.

　　He spent twice as much time on this picture as on that one.

　　He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.

　　1. If anybody ______ me while I'm out， tell him I'll call him back later on.

　　A. phones B. will phone C. is phoning D. phoned

　　答案 A

　　2. We must begin testing the instrument， no matter _______ difficult it is.

　　A. what B. how C. when D. where

　　答案 B

　　3. I'll leave him a note ________ he'll know where we are.

　　A. so that B. that C. in order D. for

　　答案 A

　　4. ________ he worked all day， he couldn't finish the job.

　　A. Even B. In case C. Although D. In spite of

　　in case 萬一

　　in spite of 盡管，引導(dǎo)短語

　　答案 C

　　5. ________ to New York， her father has not heard from her.

　　A. Because she went B. After she went

　　C. When she went D. Since she went

　　答案 D

　　6. “Did you return Fred's call?”

　　“I don't need to _______ I'll see him tomorrow.”

　　A though B. because C. otherwise D. unless

　　答案 B

　　7. “My uncle comes in from Iran tonight.”

　　“How long has it been _______ you last saw him?”

　　A. since B. as C. while D. when

　　答案 A

　　8. The size of the audience， _________ we had expected， was well over one thousand.

　　A. whom B. as C. who D. that

　　well over 超過

　　答案 B

　　復(fù)合句部分除了應(yīng)注意根據(jù)句子意思的需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞外，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)所有的從句都要用陳述句的句序。如：

　　1.They want to know ________ do to help us.

　　A. what can they B. what they can

　　C. how they can D. how can they (答案 B)

　　2.Excuse me， sir. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

　　(2)時間及條件狀語從句，even if 、even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，往往用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況，主句用一般將來時。

　　1.We promise that we will meet again after we _______ our college education in three years' time.

　　A. finish B. will finish C. have finished D. will have finished (答案 A)

　　2.If Mary ________， tell her I'll call her back as soon as I return.

　　A. call B. calls C. called D. is going to call

　　(答案 B)

　　3.Even if it __________ tomorrow， the sports meet will take place.

　　A. will rain B. rains C. rain D. has rained

　　(take place 舉行;答案 B)

　　(3)what和that 的區(qū)別

　　what可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語、表語從句，在從句中作主語或賓語，有其具體的含義。

　　that 可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語從句，在前四種從句中that 沒有任何具體的含義，也不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，所以當(dāng)從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu)完整時，關(guān)聯(lián)詞往往選擇that.

　　1._______ we will do next is still under discussion.

　　A. That B. When C. Where D. What

　　(答案 D)

　　2.He found at last _______ he had been looking for.

　　A. that B. what C. where D. which

　　(答案 B)

　　3.He was overcome by the fear _________ he had lung cancer.

　　A. which B. what C. that D. of

　　(答案 C)

　　4.The doctor insists that my brother give up smoking.

　　that 在定語從句中可以指代先行詞，表示人或物，作從句的主語或賓語，作賓語時可以省略，但不能置于介詞之后。當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞，或有only， very， first或形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句的主語或賓語一般需用that.that不可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。

　　1.I need a coat that / which is both warm and light in weight.

　　2.Is this the boy (whom / that) you were looking for?

　　3.At first the old man seemed unwilling to accept anything

　　_______was offered him by my friend and me.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. it(答案 A)

　　4.This is the very factory _______ we visited for the first

　　time in 1996.

　　A. where B. which C. that D. what(答案 C)

　　5.More and more young people like playing football， _______ is

　　an exciting game.(答案 B)

　　A. what B. which C. that D. because

　　(4)when和where在定語從句中可以分別指代先行詞所表示的時間和地點(diǎn)，但在從句只能作狀語，往往可以與“介詞 +　which”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。

　　1.I still remember the place ______ our class once did some field work.(答案 C)

　　A. there B. which C. where D. when

　　2.We visited the house where / in which Lu Xun lived in Shanghai.

　　3.I still remember the year ________ I first came to this beautiful city.(答案 D)

　　A. which B. in which C. when D. Both B and C

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