1. Deconstruct
解構(gòu)拆分
Break the skill that you are desiring to learn down into little pieces and master an isolated portion. The small pieces will come together to make up the whole skill. For example, learning to play the guitar, learn how to press down a chord pattern with your fingers first without even trying to strum the chord. Once you are able to change between a couple of chord patterns, then add the strumming。
把你想學(xué)的技能拆分成小塊，一小塊一小塊地去學(xué)習(xí)去掌握這門(mén)技能。小塊技能疊加在一起構(gòu)成一門(mén)完整技能。例如，學(xué)彈吉他，先練習(xí)彈一個(gè)和弦，不要一開(kāi)始就學(xué)掃弦技巧。練習(xí)到來(lái)回自如切換兩個(gè)和弦的程度了，再加入吉他掃弦的技能練習(xí)。
2. Pareto Principle
帕累托原則/二八定律
Identify the 20% work that will give you 80% of the results. In learning a language it does not take long to realize that there are a few very new words that pop up over and over again. You can do a quick search for “most commonly used French words” for example and begin to learn them first before adding on the rest。
兩成付出會(huì)取得八成回報(bào)。在學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中，你很快就會(huì)意識(shí)到，其實(shí)那種經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的新詞其實(shí)不多。例如你可以快速搜索“最常用法語(yǔ)單詞”這個(gè)詞條，在別的新詞冒出來(lái)之前，先學(xué)習(xí)這些常用詞。
3. Make Stakes (not steaks)
下賭注
Establish and implement some sort of punishment for you in not learning the skill that you are seeking. There are sites available that allow you to make a donation toward a charity you absolutely hate if you do not meet your goals. Place a bet with a friend to light that fire under your bottom。
對(duì)于自己正在學(xué)習(xí)的技能，如果不堅(jiān)持下去，要制定并實(shí)施某種懲罰措施來(lái)監(jiān)督自己。有的網(wǎng)站允許你向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款，如果沒(méi)達(dá)到目標(biāo)就去捐款吧。通過(guò)和朋友打賭的方式也能激發(fā)自己的學(xué)習(xí)潛能。
4. Record Yourself
自錄視頻
Seeing yourself on video is a great way to learn from your mistake and identify areas that you need to improve. This is very effective for any musicians, actors, speakers, performers, and dancers。
在視頻中審視自己是從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的方式，確定需要改進(jìn)的地方。這對(duì)任何一名音樂(lè)家、演員、演講者、演出者和舞者都是一種非常有效的方法。
5. Join a Group
加入小組學(xué)習(xí)
There are huge benefits to learning in a group. Not only are you able to learn from others but you’ll be encouraged to make progress together. Whether it is a chess club, a mastermind group, or an online meet-up group, get connected with other like-minded individuals。
小組學(xué)習(xí)方式大有好處。你不僅能向他人學(xué)習(xí)，而且還能相互鼓勵(lì)一起進(jìn)步。無(wú)論是國(guó)際象棋俱樂(lè)部還是一個(gè)策劃小組，又或是在線集會(huì)小組，都要與志同道合的人來(lái)往。
6. Time Travel
時(shí)光穿越
Visit the Library. Although everything is becoming more and more online, there are still such things called libraries. Whether it is a municipal library or your university library, you will be amazed at some of the books available there that are not accessible online. Specifically search out the hidden treasures and wisdom contained in the really old books。
去圖書(shū)館學(xué)習(xí)。雖然在線資料越來(lái)越多，別忘了還有圖書(shū)館的存在。不管是市圖書(shū)館還是大學(xué)圖書(shū)館，你都會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)上無(wú)法獲得書(shū)籍。特別記得要在真正的古書(shū)中尋找出隱藏的珍寶和智慧。
7. Be a Chameleon
做個(gè)變色龍
Imitate your biggest idol. Watch a video and learn from seeing someone else do it. Mimic what you see. Visual learning is a great way to speed up the learning process. Youtube has thousands of videos on almost every topic available。
模仿你最崇拜的偶像;看視頻學(xué)著模仿別人;模仿你所看的。視覺(jué)學(xué)習(xí)是加速學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的一個(gè)很好的方法。Youtube視頻網(wǎng)站上每一個(gè)主題幾乎都有成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)視頻。
8. F.O.C.U.S。
集中精力高度專(zhuān)注
Follow one course until success! It is easy to get distracted, to throw in the towel, or to become interested in the next great thing and ditch what you initially set out to do. Simply focus on the one new skill at hand until you get it done。
堅(jiān)持學(xué)一門(mén)技能課程直到成功為止!學(xué)一門(mén)技能很容易分心、認(rèn)輸，或?qū)e的事感興趣，終忘初心、半途而廢。只專(zhuān)注于手頭上的這一門(mén)新技能，直到你掌握了這門(mén)技能為止。
9. Visualize
發(fā)揮想象力
The mind has great difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imagined. That is why athletes practice mentally seeing their success before attempting the real thing. Visualize yourself achieving your new skill and each step that you need to make to see results。
從思想上已很難區(qū)分什么是真實(shí)的什么是想象的。這就是為什么運(yùn)動(dòng)員要在成功之前，要錘煉自己的精神境界，培養(yǎng)好心態(tài)。想象自己能掌握這門(mén)新的技能，這就要求你每邁出一步都要有成果。
10. Find a Mentor
向良師益友學(xué)習(xí)
Success leaves clues. The best short cut to become an expert is to find an expert and not have to make the mistakes that they have made. Finding out what NOT to do from the expert will fast-track your learning of a new skill. Reach out and send an email to them。
成功有線索可循。成為一名專(zhuān)家的最佳捷徑就是找一個(gè)專(zhuān)家來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，他們犯過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤就不要再犯。避開(kāi)專(zhuān)家們所走的彎路能加快你學(xué)習(xí)新技能的速度。通過(guò)電子郵件的方式向?qū)＜覀冞M(jìn)行討教。
11. Sleep On It
考慮一晚上
Practice your new skill within 4 hours of going to sleep. Josh Kaufman is a noted rapid learning expert and tells us that any practice done within this time frame causes your brain to embed the learning more rapidly into its neural pathways. Your memory and motor-mechanics needed are ingrained at a quicker level。
在睡前4小時(shí)練習(xí)你的新技能。喬希-考夫曼是一位著名的快速學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)家，他告訴我們?cè)谶@個(gè)時(shí)間段的練習(xí)會(huì)更快速地嵌入到其神經(jīng)通路，大腦學(xué)起來(lái)更快。需要你的大腦記憶力功能更快，記憶更加深刻。
12. The 20 Hour Rule
20小時(shí)原則
Along with that tip, Kaufman also suggests 20 as the magical number of hours to dedicate to learning the new skill. His reasoning is that everyone will hit a wall early on in the rapid learning stage and that “pre-committing” to 20 hours is a sure-fire way to push through that wall and acquire your new skill。
除了上一個(gè)技巧，考夫曼也表明20小時(shí)是專(zhuān)注學(xué)習(xí)新技能的神奇數(shù)字。他的理由是，每個(gè)人在早期快速學(xué)習(xí)階段都會(huì)碰壁，“預(yù)提交”20個(gè)小時(shí)是避免碰壁和成功學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新技能的必經(jīng)之路。
13. Learn By Doing
邊干邊學(xué)
It is easy to get caught up in reading and gathering information on how to do something and never actually get around to doing it. The best way to learn is to do. Regardless of how unprepared you feel, make sure you are continually physically engaged. Keep alternating between research and practice…research…practice…
關(guān)于如何走向成功而不走彎路的書(shū)籍隨處可見(jiàn)，你可能很快就暈頭了。學(xué)習(xí)的最好方法就是堅(jiān)持去做。即使讓你感覺(jué)措手不及，也一定要確保你在不斷地堅(jiān)持著身體力行。保持著研究、實(shí)踐…再研究、再實(shí)踐……的做法。
14. Short Sprints
短距離沖刺
Rather than try to force yourself into enduring hours upon hours of dedication, work in short sprints of about 20-30 minutes, then get up and have a stretch or take a short walk. Your brain’s attention span works best with short breaks and so be sure to give it the little rest it needs。
不是強(qiáng)迫自己熬幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間而已，而是要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)集中精力，高度專(zhuān)注約20-30分鐘的時(shí)間，然后起身走動(dòng)放松下散散步。你的大腦在短暫的休息后，在注意力上會(huì)達(dá)到最好的效果，所以，稍微休息一下很有必要。
15. Ditch the Distractions
要做到不分心
Make sure the environment you are in is perfect for your rapid-learning progress. That means ditching any social media, and the temptation to check any email. As the saying goes, “Out of sight, out of mind。” Before you sit down to practice, make sure whatever potential distractions are far from sight。
確保你快速學(xué)習(xí)所處的環(huán)境良好適合靜心學(xué)習(xí)。這代表你要避開(kāi)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，抑制住自己上網(wǎng)和查看電子郵件的誘惑。俗話說(shuō)，“眼不見(jiàn)心不煩。” 在你坐下來(lái)靜心練習(xí)之前，一定要確保遠(yuǎn)離所有潛在性的干擾。
16. Celebrate
慶祝進(jìn)步
Every single little win that you experience on the learning process, be sure to celebrate. Your brain will release endorphins and serotonin as you raise your hands in victory and pump your fits. Have a piece of chocolate and give yourself a pat on the back. This will encourage you to press on toward the goal!
在你的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，每次小有成就時(shí)，一定要慶祝一下。你的大腦會(huì)釋放內(nèi)啡肽和血清素，在你舉起勝利之手時(shí)會(huì)有種精神振奮的感覺(jué)。吃一塊巧克力，鼓勵(lì)一下自己，這會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你朝著目標(biāo)堅(jiān)持不斷前進(jìn)!
Most of all, have fun. Learning a new skill should be exciting and something you cannot wait to practice every day. Keep picturing the joy of reaching the end goal and being a better version of yourself as continual motivation. To love life is to continually be learning and challenging yourself。
最重要的是，學(xué)得開(kāi)心。學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能應(yīng)該是一件激動(dòng)人心的事情，每天迫不及待地想要練習(xí)。最終達(dá)到享受學(xué)習(xí)樂(lè)趣的目標(biāo)，視為自己堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的持續(xù)動(dòng)力。熱愛(ài)生活就是要不斷學(xué)習(xí)并挑戰(zhàn)自我。
