2018年成人英語三級(jí)考試閱讀理解專題練習(xí)(13)

　　I first became aware of the unemployment problem in 1928. At that time I had just come back from Burman, where unemployment was only a word, and I had gone to Burma when I was still a boy and the post-war boom was not quite over. When I first saw unemployed men at close quarters, the thing that horrified and amazed me was to find that many of them were ashamed of being unemployed. I was very ignorant, but not so ignorant as to imagine that when the loss of foreign markets pushes two million men out of work, those two million are to blame. But at that time nobody cared to admit that unemployment was inevitable, because this meant admitting that it would probably continue. The middle classes were still talking about "lazy idle loafers on the dole(接受救濟(jì)的二流子)" and saying that "these men could all find work if they wanted to," and naturally these opinions affected the working class themselves. I remember the shock of astonishment it gave me, when I first met with tramps and beggars, to find that a fair proportion, perhaps a quarter, of these beings whom I had been taught to regard as cynical parasites(寄生蟲), were decent young miners and cotton workers gazing at their destiny with the same sort of dumb amazement as an animal in trap. They simply could not understand what was happening to them. They had been brought up to work, but it seemed as if they were never going to have the chance of working again. In their circumstance it was inevitable, at first, that they should be filled with a feeling of personal degradation. That was the attitude towards unemployment in those days: it was a disaster which happened to you as an individual and for which you were to blame.

　　16.The author did not learn of the unemployment problem until 1928 because ________.

　　A. he had spent his childhood in Burma

　　B. people in Burma hardly talked about unemployment

　　C. the English economy collapsed after he had gone abroad

　　D. England had been enjoying economic prosperity while he was in Burma

　　答案：C

　　解析：答案C。在原文中作者談到他從小便去了緬甸，在那兒失業(yè)問題并不真正存在。而在他離開英格蘭之前，英格蘭戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)營(yíng)繁榮仍然盛勢(shì)不減，因此在他1928年回國(guó)之前，他并沒有真正接觸失業(yè)問題。選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容(英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)是在作者離國(guó)之后才崩潰的)符合原文，為正確答案。在文中作者只提到他少年時(shí)便去了緬甸，至于他是否在緬甸渡過童年，緬甸人是否談?wù)撌I(yè)，以及在此時(shí)期英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮了多久，文中均未涉及，因此不是正確答案。

　　17.Many of the unemployed felt ashamed of their condition because ________.

　　A. they imagined they were to blame for being out of work

　　B. nobody wanted to admit that unemployment was inevitable

　　C. they had to admit that unemployment would probably continue

　　D. they felt the middle classes were right to say they could find work if they wanted to

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。在文中作者論及中產(chǎn)階級(jí)對(duì)失業(yè)者不公正的評(píng)價(jià)，而勞工階層自然而然地也受了這種論調(diào)的影響，因而對(duì)失業(yè)產(chǎn)生了不應(yīng)有的自責(zé)和負(fù)疚感。顯然D項(xiàng)正確解釋了題中之義，為正確答案。

　　18.About a quarter of the tramps and beggars the author met were ________.

　　A. cynical parasites

　　B. once quite good at mining and making cotton

　　C. like animals in trap

　　D. young workers bewildered by what had happened to them

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。本題的解題依據(jù)主要是：I remember the shock of astonishment it gave me, when I first met with tramps and beggars, to find that…, were decent young miners and cotton workers gazing at their destiny with the same sort of dumb amazement as an animal in a trap一句。顯然作者所遇到的流浪漢和乞丐本是一些體面的礦工和棉紡工人，他們對(duì)自己處境的驚訝不異于落入陷阱的野獸，也即處于困惑絕望的境地，選擇D項(xiàng)符合這一原文內(nèi)容，為正確答案。

　　19. The reason why their unemployment so confused the young miners and cotton workers is that _______.

　　A. they had been brought up on the assumption that they had work to do

　　B. they had not previously realized how degrading it would feel to be out of work

　　C. they were definitely not going to be able to work again

　　D. they did not expect to be the objects of middle-class criticism

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A.本題根據(jù)原文中They had been brought up to work, but it seemed as if they were never going to have the chance of working again這一句。據(jù)此容易看出A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　20.In the passage as a whole, the author's attitude to unemployment is _________.

　　A. that it was a disaster for which the individuals were to blame

　　B. the shock that it should have so degrading an effect on decent people

　　C. the astonishment that the unemployed cannot understand what had happened to them

　　D. the amazement that the loss of overseas trade can have such severe effects on the mining and cotton industries.

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。作者顯然并不認(rèn)為失業(yè)問題應(yīng)由個(gè)人承擔(dān)責(zé)任，因此A項(xiàng)不對(duì);從原文來看，不但失業(yè)者不能理解所發(fā)生的一切，就是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)也在大談“接受救濟(jì)的二流子”的理論，顯然，不能正確理解失業(yè)問題的不止是失業(yè)者，而是一個(gè)普遍的現(xiàn)象，所以作者沒有必要為失業(yè)者的無知而感到震驚，C項(xiàng)不對(duì);在文中作者顯示他已認(rèn)識(shí)到海外市場(chǎng)的喪失是失業(yè)的真正根源，這已不能給他以amazement，所以D項(xiàng)也不對(duì);作者真正感到驚駭?shù)氖潜静辉撚蓚€(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)的失業(yè)問題卻被人們盲目地全部歸咎于失業(yè)的工人本身，而這種不公正的評(píng)價(jià)又使得失業(yè)者本身產(chǎn)生了負(fù)疚的恥辱感，以至于產(chǎn)生了so degrading an effect，顯然B項(xiàng)是答案。

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