成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)閱讀理解主旨題的答題方法和技巧

　　主旨題在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)題可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能夠抓住文章的主要信息又是閱讀能力的一個(gè)極為重要的方面。這類(lèi)題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme 等詞。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式有以下幾種：

　　What is the main idea of the passage?

　　Which of the following would be the best title?

　　What‘s the best title for the passage?

　　The main idea of the passage is that _____.

　　This passage tells us _____.

　　Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　　What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　做這類(lèi)題時(shí)常用略讀法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去過(guò)分注意細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，否則會(huì)造成“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，不見(jiàn)森林”的結(jié)果。

　　通常的辦法是，快速閱讀文章時(shí)注意找出各段主題句。英文文章各段主題句常放在段首，有時(shí)也放在段尾或段落中間，有時(shí)不明確寫(xiě)出，通讀文章后把各段主題句聯(lián)系起來(lái)，一般就能得出文章主題。

　　就整篇文章來(lái)講，首段和尾段一般對(duì)于解這類(lèi)題更為重要。

　　Passage A

　　In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

　　In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree.

　　Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

　　One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

　　2. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that_________.

　　A. workers now take examination

　　B. the population has grown

　　C. there are only written exams

　　D. examinations are now written and timed

　　【答案】D 第三段一開(kāi)始就談到“一般來(lái)講，現(xiàn)在的考試都是筆試;”隨后又談到“所有的考生在一個(gè)房間，規(guī)定時(shí)間，有監(jiān)考老師。”所以D 是正確答案。

　　Passage B

　　After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level,your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.

　　If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believed that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

　　1. A good title for this passage is_____.

　　A. Sleep B. Good Health C. Dreams D Work and Rest

　　【答案】A 主旨題。第一段的主題句是Sleep is necessary for good health。接下來(lái)第二段描述了睡眠的四個(gè)階段;第三段說(shuō)的是睡眠中的快速動(dòng)眼階段;最后一段告訴你失眠了該怎么辦。本文的四段全與Sleep 有關(guān)，因此答案為A。

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