鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�鎴愪汉瀛�(xu茅)浣嶈嫳瑾炶€冭│楂橀牷瑭炲尟鍖附

鎴愪汉瀛�(xu茅)浣嶈嫳瑾炶€冭│楂橀牷瑭炲尟鍏�

11銆乤dvantage, benefit, profit

advantage甯告寚涓€绋娇鏌愪汉铏曚簬姣斿叾浠栦汉鐩稿皪鏈夊埄鐨勫湴浣�锛屾(j墨)鏈冩垨鏅傛(j墨)銆傚锛欻e had the advantage of good education.(鍙楅亷鑹ソ鐨勬暀鑲插皪浠栧崄鍒嗘湁鍒�銆�)

profit澶氭寚鍫卞劅鎴栧牨鍎熸€х殑鏀跺叆銆傚Did you make any profit last year?(浣犲幓骞磋澈閷簡鍡�?)

benefit鎸囩墿璩�(zh矛)鍒╃泭鎴栫簿绁炴柟闈㈢殑濂借檿銆傚锛欼 get no personal benefit from the business.(鎴戝€嬩汉寰為€欏浼佹キ(y猫)涓苟涓嶇嵅鐩�銆�)

12銆�1affect, effect

affect褰遍熆(鍕曡)銆傚Smoking affects health.

effect鏁堟灉锛屽奖闊�(鍚嶈)銆傚锛欸overnment policy will not have any effect on us.

13銆乤fford, provide, supply

閮芥湁“鎻愪緵锛屼緵绲�”鐨勬剰鎬濄€�

afford涓€鑸彧鐢ㄤ簬鎶借薄浜嬬墿銆�

provide鍜宻upply鎰忔€濈浉鍚岋紝鍏╁€嬭閮藉拰with閫ｇ敤锛屾(g貌u)鎴恜rovide /supply somebody with something鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

14銆乤go, before

ago琛ㄧず浠ョ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ偤璧烽粸(di菐n)鐨�“浠ュ墠”锛屽父鑸囦竴鑸亷鍘绘檪閫ｇ敤锛屼笉鍙互鍠崹(d煤)浣跨敤銆�

before鎸囬亷鍘绘垨?q奴)顣︽芳鍝《r鍒�“浠ュ墠”锛屼篃鍙硾鎸囦互鍓�锛屽父鍜屽畬鎴愭檪閫ｇ敤锛屽彲浠ュ柈鐛�(d煤)浣跨敤銆�

渚嬪锛孖 saw him ten minutes ago.鎴戝崄鍒嗛悩涔嬪墠鐪嬪埌鐨勪粬銆�

He told me that he had seen the film before.浠栧憡瑷存垜浠栦互鍓嶇湅閬庨€欏牬闆诲奖銆�

15銆乤gree on;agree to;agree with

agree on浣�“灏�……鍙栧緱涓€鑷存剰瑕�”瑙ｃ€備緥濡傦細

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

涓婃湀锛屽氨寤轰竴搴ф柊姹借粖寤犱箣浜嬮仈(d谩)鎴愪簡鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆�

agree to鏈夊叐灞ゅ惈缇╁拰鐢ㄦ硶锛�

鍏朵竴鏄痶o浣滅偤鍕曡涓嶅畾寮忕铏�锛屽叾鍚庤窡鍕曡鍘熷舰锛屼綔“鍚屾剰(绛旀噳(y墨ng))鍋氭煇浜�”瑙ｃ€�

渚嬪锛� My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.鐖惰Κ绛旀噳(y墨ng)绲︽垜璨锋敮鏂伴嫾绛�銆�

鍏朵簩鏄痶o浣滅偤浠嬭锛屼箣鍚庤窡琛ㄧず“瑷堝妰/姊濅欢/寤鸿绛変竴椤炵殑鍚嶈鎴栦唬瑭�”銆備緥濡傦細

They have a greed to our plan. 浠栧€戝凡鍚屾剰鎴戝€戠殑瑷堝妰銆�

agree with浣�“鍚屾剰鏌愪汉鐨勬剰瑕�”瑙ｏ紝鍏跺悗鍙窡琛ㄧず浜虹殑鍚嶈鎴栦唬瑭�锛屼篃鍙窡琛ㄧず“鎰忚”鎴�“瑾殑瑭�”鐨勫悕瑭炴垨寰炲彞銆備緥濡傦細

He agreed with my opinions.浠栧悓鎰忎簡鎴戠殑鎰忚銆�

We agreed with what he said at the meeting.鎴戝€戝悓鎰忎粬鍦ㄦ渻涓婅瑳鐨勮┍銆�

16銆乤live, living, live

alive鎸囬洊鏈夋鐨勫彲鑳�锛屼絾浠嶆椿钁�锛屼竴鑸彧浣滆〃瑾炪€�

living鍙敤浜庝汉鎴栫墿锛屼綔瀹氳獮鏅傚彲鍓嶅彲鍚�銆�

live鍙仛鍓嶇疆瀹氳獮锛岀敤浜庡嫊鐗╁拰鍊嬪垾浜嬬墿鍓�銆�

17銆乤lmost, nearly

涓€鑸渚�锛宎lmost姣攏early琛ㄧず鐨勬剰鎬濇洿鎺ヨ繎“闁嬪”銆�“瀹屾垚”(鐩(bi膩o))绛�銆�

鍦╝ll, every, always鍓嶏紝鍏╄€呴兘鍙敤銆傚锛欻e is almost (nearly) smoking.(浠栧咕涔庢瘡澶╂娊鐓�銆�)

almost鍙悓never, no, nobody, none, nothing閫ｇ敤锛岃€宯early鍗讳笉鑳�銆傚锛欰lmost no one believed her.(骞句箮娌掍汉鐩镐俊浠�銆�)

18銆乤lone, lonely

alone鍙〃“鐛�(d煤)鑷�”鐨勫瑙€鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛屾矑鏈夋劅鎯呰壊褰�锛屽彧浣滆〃瑾�;lonely琛�“瀛ょ崹(d煤)”锛岋細“瀵傚癁”锛岃兘浣滃畾瑾炲拰琛ㄨ獮銆傚锛歐hen she is left alone, she feels lonely.(鍓╀笅濂逛竴浜烘檪濂瑰氨鎰熷埌瀵傚癁銆�)

alone, only鍧囧彲琛�“鍙湁”锛屼絾alone闋堢疆浜庤淇＞瑭炰箣鍚�锛宱nly寰€寰€缃簬琚慨椋捐鍓�銆傚锛欻e alone (Only he) can remember the story.(鍙湁浠栨墠鑳借璧烽€欐缍�(j墨ng)姝枫€�)

19銆乤ltogether, all together

altogether绺借▓锛岀附鍏�銆傚锛欰ltogether there are six of us.(鎴戝€戠附瑷堝叚浜恒€�)

all together鍏ㄩ兘鍦ㄤ竴璧�銆傚锛歐e played the game all together.(鎴戝€戝ぇ瀹堕兘涓€璧蜂締鐜╂父鎴插惂銆�)

20銆乤lthough; though; as

涓夎€呭潎鍙〃绀�“鐩＄;闆栫劧”锛屽紩灏�(d菐o)璁撴鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�銆俛lthough鐢ㄦ硶杓冩寮忥紝瑾炴埃杓冨挤(qi谩ng);though杓冨父鐢�;as鍓囦富瑕佺敤浜庡€掕鍙�銆傚畠鍊戠殑鐢ㄦ硶鏈夊涓嬪咕榛�(di菐n)鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰锛�

Ø 鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ョ敱although, though鎴朼s寮曞皫(d菐o)锛屼富鍙ヤ箣鍓嶄笉鍙湁but, and, so, however绛夊苟鍒楅€ｈ锛屼絾鍙湁yet鎴杝till绛夊壇瑭�銆俛lthough鑸噒hough?锛熻嫬顨楺銆備緥濡傦細

Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.浠栭洊鐒剁浉淇″畠锛屼絾鍗讳笉鑲湁鎵€琛屽嫊銆�

Ø as琛ㄧず“鐩＄;闆栫劧”锛屽彧鑳界敤浜庡€掕鍙�锛屽嵆锛氬皣琛ㄨ獮銆佺媭瑾炴垨璎傝獮鍕曡鏀惧湪as涔嬪墠銆倀hough涔熷彲閫欎箞鐢ㄣ€備緥濡傦細

Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.浠栭洊鐒跺勾绱€(j矛)涓嶅ぇ锛屽嵒鎳傚緱寰堝銆�

娉ㄦ剰锛氬鏋滆〃瑾炴槸鍠暩(sh霉)鍚嶈锛岃鐪佺暐a銆備緥濡傦細

Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.闆栫劧浠栨槸鍊嬪瀛�锛屼絾浠栨渻瑾叐闁€澶栬獮銆�

Ø though鍙互鏀惧湪鍙ユ湯锛岃〃绀�“浣嗘槸”锛宎lthough鍗讳笉鑳姐€備緥濡傦細

They said they would come; they did not, though.浠栧€戣浠栧€戞渻渚�锛屽彲鏄粬鍊戝苟娌掓湁渚�銆�

Ø although鍙敤渚嗛櫝杩�“浜嬪”锛屼笉鑳借〃绀�“鍋囪ō(sh猫)”銆傚洜姝ゅ彲浠ヨeven though“鍗充娇”浠ュ強as though“濂藉儚(=as if)”锛屼笉鑳借even although鎴朼s although銆備緥濡傦細

I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes.鐩＄浣犵┛钁椾究琛�锛屾垜鐩镐俊浣犳槸鍦ㄥ€煎嫟銆�

21銆乤mong, between

among鍦�……涓枔(涓夎€呮垨涓夎€呬互涓婁箣闁�)銆傚锛歄ur house is hidden among trees.

between鍦ㄥ叐鑰呬箣闁�銆傚锛欼t is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.

22銆乤nswer, reply, respond

鐢ㄤ綔鍕曡锛岄兘鍙〃“鍥炵瓟”锛�“绛斿京(f霉)”銆�

answer鏄父鐢ㄨ锛屽悗鍙帴letter(鍥炰俊)锛宷uestion(鍥炵瓟鍟忛)锛宒oorbell(闁嬮杸)锛宼elephone(鎺ラ浕瑭�)锛宎dvertisement(鎳�(y墨ng)寰佸唬鍛�)绛�銆�

reply杓冩寮�锛屼竴鑸彧浣滀笉鍙婄墿鍕曡锛屽彲鑸噒o閫ｇ敤銆傚锛欻e has replied to my letter.(浠栧洖绛斾簡鎴戜俊涓彁鐨勫晱椤屻€�)

respond浣�“鍥炵瓟”瑙�锛岀敤寰楄純灏�锛屼篃鍚宼o鎼厤銆傚锛欻e quickly responded to the question.(浠栧緢蹇氨鍥炵瓟浜嗗晱椤�銆�)

鍙﹀锛宺espond閭勫彲琛�“灏�……鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)”锛�“闊挎噳(y墨ng)”銆�

23銆乤pprove, prove

approve(1)璐婃垚锛屽悓鎰忋€傚锛欼 don’t approve of wasting time.(鎴戜笉璐婃垚娴不(f猫i)鏅傞枔銆�)

(2)鎵规簴(zh菙n)锛岄€氶亷銆傚锛歍he minister approved the building plan.閮ㄩ暦鎵规簴(zh菙n)浜嗗缓绛戣▓鍔�銆�

prove鍜宎pprove瑭炲舰鐩镐技锛宲rove鏄�“璀夋槑”锛�“琛ㄦ槑鏄�”绛�銆�

24銆乤rise/rise/raise/ arouse

arise鏄竴鍊嬩笉鍙婄墿鍕曡锛屾剰鎬濇槸“璧锋簮浜�(鍜宖rom閫ｇ敤)鍜�“鍑虹従(xi脿n)”銆�

rise鏄竴鍊嬩笉鍙婄墿鍕曡锛屾剰鎬濇槸“涓婂崌”锛岃┎瑭炴槸涓嶅強鐗╁嫊瑭烇細rise, rose, risen

raise鏄竴鍊嬪強鐗╁嫊瑭烇紝鎰忔€濇槸“鑸夎捣”銆�

arouse鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“寮曡捣锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷�”銆�

Black smoke rose from the chimney.

He is too weak to raise that heavy box.

Accidents usually arise fromcarelessness .

A crisis has arisen in their marrige.

Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.

25銆乤s (so) far as; as (so) long as

Ø as(so)far as鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“灏�……鑰岃█(鎵€鐭�)”锛宎s (so) far as sth.is concerned鏄叾涓竴绋叿楂旂敤娉�锛屾剰鐐�“灏辨煇浜嬭€岃█”;as (so) long as鎰忕偤“鍙”锛屽紩灏�(d菐o)姊濅欢鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�銆傚锛�

As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.

灏辨垜鎵€鐭�锛屼竴鍗冨钀笅宕楀伐浜哄凡缍�(j墨ng)鎵惧埌浜嗘柊鐨勫伐浣�銆�

There is nothing that we can’t do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.

鍙鎴戝€戜笉鏂峰湴鍔姏鍘诲仛锛屽氨娌掓湁浠€涔堜簨骞蹭笉鎴�銆�

As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.

灏变腑鍦嬬殑鏃呮父妤�(y猫)鑰岃█锛岄渶瑕佸仛鐨勫伐浣滈倓寰堝銆�

26銆乤s though;even though;though

Ø as though(=as if)锛屾剰鐐�“濂藉儚;浼间箮”锛屽紩灏�(d菐o)鏂瑰紡鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ユ垨琛ㄨ獮寰炲彞銆傚锛�

He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.浠栬瑭辩殑鍙ｆ埃濂藉儚浠栦互鍓嶄締閬庨€欓噷銆�

It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.鐪嬭捣渚嗗ソ鍍忚涓嬮洦銆�

Ø even though(=even if)锛屾剰鐐�“鍗充娇”锛屽紩灏�(d菐o)璁撴鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�銆倀hough涔熷紩灏�(d菐o)璁撴鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�锛屾剰鐐�“闆栫劧”;even though鏈夐€€涓€姝ヨō(sh猫)鎯崇殑鎰忓懗锛岃垏though涓嶅悓銆倀hough寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫彞瀛愭墍瑾殑鏄簨瀵�锛宔ven though寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫彞瀛愭墍瑾殑鍓囦笉涓€瀹氭槸浜嬪銆備緥濡傦細

He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.鍗充娇浠栫煡閬撻€欏€嬬瀵�锛屼粬涔熶笉鑲鍑轰締銆�

He will not tell the secret though he knows it.浠栭洊鐒剁煡閬撻€欏€嬬瀵嗭紝浣嗕粬涓嶆渻瑾嚭渚�銆�

27銆乤ssure, ensure, insure

assure鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“浣�(鏌愪汉)纰轰俊”锛屼竴鑸敤浣滐細assure sb. of /that…锛屽悗闈笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ窡that寰炲彞銆�

ensure鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“淇濊瓑”锛屽悗闈㈠彲浠ユ帴闆欒硴瑾烇紝涔熷彲浠ユ帴that寰炲彞銆�

insure鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“绲�…涓婁繚闅�”銆備緥濡傦細

He assuredme that it was true.

We can’t ensure you a good post.

My house is insured against fire.

28銆乤t the beginning;in the beginning

Ø at the beginning鍦�……鍒�;鍦�……闁嬪鐨勬檪鍊欍€傚父鑸噊f閫ｇ敤銆備緥濡傦細Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷€戝湪闁嬪(xu茅)鍒濆埗瀹氬(xu茅)缈�(x铆)瑷堝妰銆�

Ø in the beginning鐩哥暥(d膩ng)浜巃t first锛岃〃绀�“璧峰垵銆侀枊濮�”鏅�锛屽惈“璧峰垵鏄€欑ó鎯呮硜锛岃€屽悗渚嗗嵒涓嶆槸閫欑ó鎯呮硜”涔嬫剰锛屼笉鑸噊f閫ｇ敤銆備緥濡傦細In the beginning锛宻ome of us took no interest in physics. 璧峰垵鎴戝€戞湁浜涗汉灏嶇墿鐞嗕笉鎰熻垐瓒ｃ€�

29銆乤t the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

Ø at the time閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬閬庡幓鏅傚彞瀛愪腑锛屾寚鏌愪欢浜嬫儏鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑“鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�”銆�“閭ｆ檪”銆備緥濡傦細

Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 鐣�(d膩ng)鏅傦紝瑷卞浜洪兘鐪嬪埌浜嗛€欎欢濂囨€殑浜嬫儏鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐢�銆�

鏈夋檪锛宎t the time鐨勫悗闈㈠彲鎺�“of...”鐭獮銆傞€欐檪锛屽畠琛ㄧず“鍦�(鏌愪簨鎱�(t脿i))鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鏅傚€�”鎴�“鍦�……鐨勬檪浠�”銆備緥濡傦細

Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989锕�

1989骞磋垔閲戝北鐧�(f膩)鐢熷湴闇囨檪锛屼綘鍦ㄩ偅閲屽棊?

Ø at that time鍓囬€氬父鎸囧墠鏂囨槑纰烘彁鍒扮殑鏌愬€嬫檪鏈�銆佹檪鍊�銆傞€氬父鍏跺悗涓嶅付“of...”鐭獮銆備緥濡傦細

In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time

(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.

Ø at one time=during a period of time in the past鎰忕偤“閬庡幓鏈変竴娈垫檪鏈�”锛�“鏇剧稉(j墨ng)”銆備緥濡傦細

They used to be good friends at one time. 浠栧€戞浘缍�(j墨ng)鏄ソ鏈嬪弸銆�

Ø at a time鍓囨剰鐐�“涓€娆�”锛岃〃绀轰竴鍊嬫檪闁撳柈浣�銆傚畠甯歌垏琛ㄧず鏁�(sh霉)閲忕殑瑭炶獮閫ｇ敤锛岃〃绀洪牷鐜囥€備緥濡傦細

Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 涓嶈鍚屾檪涓€璧疯銆備竴娆″彧涓€鍊嬩汉瑾€�

Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 閫欎簺钘ユ瘡澶╂湇涓夋锛屾瘡娆℃湇涓夌矑銆�

30銆乤wake, wake, waken

閮藉彲浣滃嫊瑭�銆�

awake鏃㈠彲鍙婄墿锛屼篃鍙笉鍙婄墿锛屽鐢ㄤ簬姣斿柣銆�

wake甯告寚“鐫￠啋”锛屽鐐轰笉鍙婄墿鍕曡銆�

waken澶氱敤浣滃強鐗╁嫊瑭�锛屽父鎸�“鍚甸啋”锛�“椹氶啋”銆�

31銆乤wait, wait

await鏄強鐗╁嫊瑭�銆傚锛欼 await your further instructions.

wait“绛�”銆�“绛夊€�”锛屾槸涓嶅強鐗╁嫊瑭烇紝鍚庡父鎺ヤ粙瑭瀎or銆傚锛欼 will wait for you at the school gate.

32銆乤ward, prize, reward

award, reward浣滃嫊瑭�銆俛ward鎰忕偤“鎺堜簣(鐛庡搧锛岀崕閲戠瓑)”锛屽悗闈㈠彲璺熼洐璩撹獮;reward鎰忕偤“鍫遍叕”锛�“閰瑵”锛屽彧鑳借窡浜烘垨浠ヤ汉鐨勮鐐轰綔璩撹獮銆�

award, prize, reward浣滃悕瑭炴檪锛宎ward甯告寚鐛庨噾锛岀崕鍝�;prize澶氭寚鍦ㄧ璩姐€佺鐖腑鐛插嫕鎵€璐忓緱鐨勭崕;reward鍓囨寚鐐烘煇闋呭嫗鍕曟垨琛岀偤鎵€浠樼殑閰噾銆�

33銆乥ecause/since/as/for

Ø 閫欏洓鍊嬭閮芥槸琛ㄧず鍘熷洜鎴栫悊鐢辩殑閫ｆ帴瑭�锛屼絾鏄痑s锛宐ecause锛宻ince鏄緸灞€ｈ锛屽紩灏�(d菐o)鍘熷洜鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�锛宖or鏄苟鍒楅€ｈ锛屾墍寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勪笉鏄師鍥犵媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛岃€屾槸琛ㄧず鐞嗙敱鐨勫皪绛夊彞瀛�锛屾槸灏嶅墠闈㈡墍璎涘収(n猫i)瀹硅(b菙)鍏呭拰瑾槑銆傚湪瑾炴埃涓婄敱寮�(qi谩ng)鑷冲急渚濇鐐篵ecause→since→as→for銆俠ecause寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫緸鍙ュ缃簬鍙ユ湯锛岃〃绀虹洿鎺ョ殑鍘熷洜鎴栫悊鐢憋紝琛ㄧず鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼偅绋祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑蹇呯劧鐨勫洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽湪鍥炵瓟why鐨勬彁鍟忔檪锛屽繀闋堢敤because浣滅瓟銆�

濡傦細We stayed at home because it rained.鍥犵偤涓嬮洦鎴戝€戝憜鍦ㄥ閲�銆�

Ø as鑸噑ince寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫緸鍙ュ缃簬鍙ラ锛屼笉閬巃s琛ㄧず鍗佸垎鏄庨’鐨勫師鍥�锛屽彧瑾槑涓€鑸殑鍥犳灉闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽彲璀偤“鍥犵偤銆佺敱浜�”;鑰宻ince鍓囪〃绀虹◢鍔犲垎鏋�銆佸皪鏂瑰凡鐭ョ殑鍘熷洜锛屼竴鑸彲璀偤“鏃㈢劧”銆傚锛�

As he was not feeling well锛孖 decided to go there alone.鐢变簬浠栬韩楂旀瑺浣�锛屾垜姹哄畾鐛�(d煤)鑷幓閭ｉ噷銆�

Since everyone is here锛宭et's start.鏃㈢劧澶у閮藉埌浜�锛屽挶鍊戝氨闁嬪鍚с€�

Ø for寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫緸鍙ヤ竴鑸斁鍦ㄥ彞鏈�锛屽叾鍓嶇敤閫楄櫉锛屽畠鎵€鏁樿堪鐨勭悊鐢辨槸闁撴帴鐨勶紝鍗虫帹娓€х悊鐢�锛屾垨鏄皪鍓嶉潰鏁樿堪鐨勪簨瀵︽垨鐪嬫硶鐨勮(b菙)鍏呰鏄�銆傚锛�

There must be nobody in the classroom锛宖or the light is off.

鏁欏閲屼竴瀹氭矑鏈変汉锛屽洜鐐虹噲婊呬簡銆�(鎺ㄦ脯鎬х悊鐢�)

34銆乥eat, win

beat琛ㄥ湪姣旇辰鍜屾埌(zh脿n)鏂椾腑鎵撴晽灏嶆墜锛屽悗鎺ュ皪鎵嬩綔璩撹獮銆�

Win浣滃強鐗╁嫊瑭炴檪锛屽叾璩撹獮鐐烘父鎴�銆佹瘮璩�銆佹埌(zh脿n)鏂�銆佺崕閲戠瓑鍚嶈銆傚锛欻e has won the race.(浠栬磸寰椾簡璩借窇鐨勫嫕鍒┿€�)

35銆乥eside, besides

beside鍦�……鏃侀倞銆傚锛欳ome and sit beside me.

besides闄�……涔嬪銆傚锛欼 have two other umbrellas besides this one.

36銆乥esides;except;but

Ø 涓夎€呴兘鍙互鐢ㄤ綔浠嬭銆傜敤浜庤偗瀹氬彞涓檪锛宔xcept/but鎰忕偤“闄�……澶�(涓嶅啀鏈�)”;besides鎰忕偤“闄�……澶�(閭勬湁)”銆傝珛姣旇純锛�

All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.闄や簡鍚虫澅澶�锛屼粬鍊戦兘鐪嬮亷浜嗛偅閮ㄥ奖鐗囥€�

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.闄や簡鍚虫澅鐪嬮亷閭ｉ儴褰辩墖澶�锛屼粬鍊戜篃閮界湅閬庝簡銆�

Ø except鍚庢帴鍚嶈銆佷唬瑭�銆�-ing鎴栦笉瀹氬紡鏅�锛屽彲浠ヨ垏but浜掓彌;except鍚庢帴鍓銆佷粙瑭炵煭瑾炴檪锛屼竴鑸笉鑳界偤but鎵€鏇挎彌銆傚锛�

I’ll do everything except/but cook.闄や簡鍋氶／锛屾垜浠€涔堜簨鎯呴兘骞�銆�

This window is never opened except in summer.闄や簡鍦ㄥ澶╋紝閫欏€嬬獥瀛愬緸涓嶆墦闁�銆�

Ø 鐢ㄥ湪鍚﹀畾鍙ヤ腑锛屼笁鑰呭彲浠ヤ簰鎻涖€傚锛�

There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.

闄や簡浣狅紝娌掍汉鑳藉仛閫欏伐浣�銆�

37銆乥e known as;be known for;be known to; be known in

Ø be known as鎰忕偤“浣滅偤……鑰岃憲鍚�”锛屽叾鍚庣殑鍚嶈琛ㄧず涓€鍊嬩汉鐨勮韩浠�銆佽伔妤�(y猫)绛�銆傚锛�

Liu Huan is known as a singer.鍔夋浣滅偤涓€鍊嬫瓕鎵嬭€屽嚭鍚嶃€�

We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.鎴戝€戠浉淇′綘鏈冩垚鐐轰竴浣嶈憲鍚嶇殑鐣銆�

Ø be known for鎰忕偤“鍥�……鑰岃憲鍚�”锛屽叾鍚庢墍鎺ュ収(n猫i)瀹硅〃绀烘煇浜烘垨鐗╃殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佺壒闀风瓑銆傚锛�

Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.妗傛灄鍥犲叾缇庨簵鐨勫北姘磋€岃仦鍚�銆�

Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.

钃嬬埦澶氬か鍏堢敓鍥犲湪鍚屼竴澶╃祫绻斿叐鍫村ぇ鍨嬬殑娴佽闊虫▊鏈冭€屽嚭鍚嶃€�

Ø be known to“鐐�……鎵€浜嗚В/鐭ラ亾”锛屽叾鍚庢帴琛ㄧず浜虹殑瑭炶獮銆�“(浜哄€戦兘)鐭ラ亾”锛屽叾鍚庢帴鍕曡鍘熷舰銆傚锛�

He is known to all in our village.鏉戝瓙閲岀殑浜洪兘浜嗚В浠�銆�

He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.

浜哄€戦兘鐭ラ亾浠栧凡缍�(j墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鏄庝簡寰堝鏉辫タ銆�

38銆乥orrow, lend

borrow鍊熷叆銆傚锛欳an I borrow your pen for a moment?

lend鎶�……鍊熺郸銆傚锛欳an you lend me your bike?

39銆乥ring/take/fetch/carry

bring (vt.)甯朵締锛氳〃绀哄緸鍒ヨ檿鎶婃煇浜烘垨鏌愮墿鎷垮埌瑾┍鑰呰檿銆�

take (vt.)鍙栬蛋锛氳〃绀哄皣鏌愮墿寰炶瑳瑭辫€呰檿甯惰蛋

fetch (vt.)鍘�?銆傜綍纭庨暅渚ヨ溅璨欌挍婢勯敇铓版鍥涚帿琛梫瑭辫€呰檿銆�

carry (vt.)鏀滃付锛氳〃绀虹敤浜哄姏鎴栦氦閫氬伐鍏锋妸鏌愮墿鎴栨煇浜�锛屽緸涓€鍦板付鍒板彟涓€鍦�銆傝┎鍕曡涓嶅惈鏂瑰悜鎰忓懗銆�

The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.

The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.

You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.

40銆乧ause, reason

cause鎸囬€犳垚鏌愪竴浜嬪鎴栫従(xi脿n)璞＄殑鐩存帴鍘熷洜锛屽悗鎺f sth./doing sth

reason鐢ㄤ締瑙ｉ噵鏌愮ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞℃垨绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑鐞嗙敱锛屽悗鎺or sth./doing sth. the reason for being late

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍″弸鎯呮彁绀猴細鍌欒€�2020骞存垚浜鸿嫳瑾炰笁绱氳€冭│鐨勮€冪敓锛岀偤閬垮厤閷亷鑰冭│鍫卞悕锛屽缓璀版偍 鍏嶈不(f猫i)闋�(y霉)绱勭煭淇℃彁閱�鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽眴鏅傛渻鏈夌煭淇℃彁閱�銆傛洿澶氭垚浜鸿嫳瑾炰笁绱氬叾浠栭鍨嬬瓟椤屾妧宸�銆佸倷鑰冩寚灏�(d菐o)銆佸京(f霉)缈�(x铆)绮捐彲璩囨枡锛岄粸(di菐n)鎿婁笅鏂规寜閳曪紝鍏嶈不(f猫i)涓嬭級!