鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�鎴愪汉瀛镐綅鑻辫獮鑰冭│楂橀牷瑭炲尟鍖附

鎴愪汉瀛镐綅鑻辫獮鑰冭│楂橀牷瑭炲尟鍏�

11銆乤dvantage, benefit, profit

advantage甯告寚涓€绋娇鏌愪汉铏曚簬姣斿叾浠栦汉鐩稿皪鏈夊埄鐨勫湴浣�锛屾鏈冩垨鏅傛銆傚锛欻e had the advantage of good education.(鍙楅亷鑹ソ鐨勬暀鑲插皪浠栧崄鍒嗘湁鍒┿€�)

profit澶氭寚鍫卞劅鎴栧牨鍎熸€х殑鏀跺叆銆傚Did you make any profit last year?(浣犲幓骞磋澈閷簡鍡�?)

benefit鎸囩墿璩�(zh矛)鍒╃泭鎴栫簿绁炴柟闈㈢殑濂借檿銆傚锛欼 get no personal benefit from the business.(鎴戝€嬩汉寰為€欏浼佹キ(y猫)涓苟涓嶇嵅鐩�銆�)

12銆�1affect, effect

affect褰遍熆(鍕曡)銆傚Smoking affects health.

effect鏁堟灉锛屽奖闊�(鍚嶈)銆傚锛欸overnment policy will not have any effect on us.

13銆乤fford, provide, supply

閮芥湁“鎻愪緵锛屼緵绲�”鐨勬剰鎬�銆�

afford涓€鑸彧鐢ㄤ簬鎶借薄浜嬬墿銆�

provide鍜宻upply鎰忔€濈浉鍚�锛屽叐鍊嬭閮藉拰with閫ｇ敤锛屾(g貌u)鎴恜rovide /supply somebody with something鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

14銆乤go, before

ago琛ㄧず浠ョ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ偤璧烽粸鐨�“浠ュ墠”锛屽父鑸囦竴鑸亷鍘绘檪閫ｇ敤锛屼笉鍙互鍠崹浣跨敤銆�

before鎸囬亷鍘绘垨?q奴)顣︽芳鍝《r鍒�“浠ュ墠”锛屼篃鍙硾鎸囦互鍓�锛屽父鍜屽畬鎴愭檪閫ｇ敤锛屽彲浠ュ柈鐛ㄤ娇鐢�銆�

渚嬪锛孖 saw him ten minutes ago.鎴戝崄鍒嗛悩涔嬪墠鐪嬪埌鐨勪粬銆�

He told me that he had seen the film before.浠栧憡瑷存垜浠栦互鍓嶇湅閬庨€欏牬闆诲奖銆�

15銆乤gree on;agree to;agree with

agree on浣�“灏�……鍙栧緱涓€鑷存剰瑕�”瑙�銆備緥濡傦細

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

涓婃湀锛屽氨寤轰竴搴ф柊姹借粖寤犱箣浜嬮仈鎴愪簡鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆�

agree to鏈夊叐灞ゅ惈缇╁拰鐢ㄦ硶锛�

鍏朵竴鏄痶o浣滅偤鍕曡涓嶅畾寮忕铏�锛屽叾鍚庤窡鍕曡鍘熷舰锛屼綔“鍚屾剰(绛旀噳(y墨ng))鍋氭煇浜�”瑙�銆�

渚嬪锛� My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.鐖惰Κ绛旀噳(y墨ng)绲︽垜璨锋敮鏂伴嫾绛�銆�

鍏朵簩鏄痶o浣滅偤浠嬭锛屼箣鍚庤窡琛ㄧず“瑷堝妰/姊濅欢/寤鸿绛変竴椤炵殑鍚嶈鎴栦唬瑭�”銆備緥濡傦細

They have a greed to our plan. 浠栧€戝凡鍚屾剰鎴戝€戠殑瑷堝妰銆�

agree with浣�“鍚屾剰鏌愪汉鐨勬剰瑕�”瑙�锛屽叾鍚庡彲璺熻〃绀轰汉鐨勫悕瑭炴垨浠ｈ锛屼篃鍙窡琛ㄧず“鎰忚”鎴�“瑾殑瑭�”鐨勫悕瑭炴垨寰炲彞銆備緥濡傦細

He agreed with my opinions.浠栧悓鎰忎簡鎴戠殑鎰忚銆�

We agreed with what he said at the meeting.鎴戝€戝悓鎰忎粬鍦ㄦ渻涓婅瑳鐨勮┍銆�

16銆乤live, living, live

alive鎸囬洊鏈夋鐨勫彲鑳�锛屼絾浠嶆椿钁楋紝涓€鑸彧浣滆〃瑾�銆�

living鍙敤浜庝汉鎴栫墿锛屼綔瀹氳獮鏅傚彲鍓嶅彲鍚�銆�

live鍙仛鍓嶇疆瀹氳獮锛岀敤浜庡嫊鐗╁拰鍊嬪垾浜嬬墿鍓�銆�

17銆乤lmost, nearly

涓€鑸渚�锛宎lmost姣攏early琛ㄧず鐨勬剰鎬濇洿鎺ヨ繎“闁嬪”銆�“瀹屾垚”(鐩)绛�銆�

鍦╝ll, every, always鍓嶏紝鍏╄€呴兘鍙敤銆傚锛欻e is almost (nearly) smoking.(浠栧咕涔庢瘡澶╂娊鐓欍€�)

almost鍙悓never, no, nobody, none, nothing閫ｇ敤锛岃€宯early鍗讳笉鑳�銆傚锛欰lmost no one believed her.(骞句箮娌掍汉鐩镐俊浠栥€�)

18銆乤lone, lonely

alone鍙〃“鐛ㄨ嚜”鐨勫瑙€鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛屾矑鏈夋劅鎯呰壊褰�锛屽彧浣滆〃瑾�;lonely琛�“瀛ょ崹”锛岋細“瀵傚癁”锛岃兘浣滃畾瑾炲拰琛ㄨ獮銆傚锛歐hen she is left alone, she feels lonely.(鍓╀笅濂逛竴浜烘檪濂瑰氨鎰熷埌瀵傚癁銆�)

alone, only鍧囧彲琛�“鍙湁”锛屼絾alone闋堢疆浜庤淇＞瑭炰箣鍚庯紝only寰€寰€缃簬琚慨椋捐鍓�銆傚锛欻e alone (Only he) can remember the story.(鍙湁浠栨墠鑳借璧烽€欐缍�(j墨ng)姝�銆�)

19銆乤ltogether, all together

altogether绺借▓锛岀附鍏便€傚锛欰ltogether there are six of us.(鎴戝€戠附瑷堝叚浜�銆�)

all together鍏ㄩ兘鍦ㄤ竴璧�銆傚锛歐e played the game all together.(鎴戝€戝ぇ瀹堕兘涓€璧蜂締鐜╂父鎴插惂銆�)

20銆乤lthough; though; as

涓夎€呭潎鍙〃绀�“鐩＄;闆栫劧”锛屽紩灏庤畵姝ョ媭瑾炲緸鍙�銆俛lthough鐢ㄦ硶杓冩寮�锛岃獮姘ｈ純寮�;though杓冨父鐢�;as鍓囦富瑕佺敤浜庡€掕鍙�銆傚畠鍊戠殑鐢ㄦ硶鏈夊涓嬪咕榛炲€煎緱娉ㄦ剰锛�

Ø 鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ョ敱although, though鎴朼s寮曞皫锛屼富鍙ヤ箣鍓嶄笉鍙湁but, and, so, however绛夊苟鍒楅€ｈ锛屼絾鍙湁yet鎴杝till绛夊壇瑭炪€俛lthough鑸噒hough?锛熻嫬顨楺銆備緥濡傦細

Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.浠栭洊鐒剁浉淇″畠锛屼絾鍗讳笉鑲湁鎵€琛屽嫊銆�

Ø as琛ㄧず“鐩＄;闆栫劧”锛屽彧鑳界敤浜庡€掕鍙�锛屽嵆锛氬皣琛ㄨ獮銆佺媭瑾炴垨璎傝獮鍕曡鏀惧湪as涔嬪墠銆倀hough涔熷彲閫欎箞鐢ㄣ€備緥濡傦細

Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.浠栭洊鐒跺勾绱€涓嶅ぇ锛屽嵒鎳傚緱寰堝銆�

娉ㄦ剰锛氬鏋滆〃瑾炴槸鍠暩(sh霉)鍚嶈锛岃鐪佺暐a銆備緥濡傦細

Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.闆栫劧浠栨槸鍊嬪瀛愶紝浣嗕粬鏈冭鍏╅杸澶栬獮銆�

Ø though鍙互鏀惧湪鍙ユ湯锛岃〃绀�“浣嗘槸”锛宎lthough鍗讳笉鑳姐€備緥濡傦細

They said they would come; they did not, though.浠栧€戣浠栧€戞渻渚�锛屽彲鏄粬鍊戝苟娌掓湁渚�銆�

Ø although鍙敤渚嗛櫝杩�“浜嬪”锛屼笉鑳借〃绀�“鍋囪ō(sh猫)”銆傚洜姝ゅ彲浠ヨeven though“鍗充娇”浠ュ強as though“濂藉儚(=as if)”锛屼笉鑳借even although鎴朼s although銆備緥濡傦細

I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes.鐩＄浣犵┛钁椾究琛�锛屾垜鐩镐俊浣犳槸鍦ㄥ€煎嫟銆�

21銆乤mong, between

among鍦�……涓枔(涓夎€呮垨涓夎€呬互涓婁箣闁�)銆傚锛歄ur house is hidden among trees.

between鍦ㄥ叐鑰呬箣闁�銆傚锛欼t is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.

22銆乤nswer, reply, respond

鐢ㄤ綔鍕曡锛岄兘鍙〃“鍥炵瓟”锛�“绛斿京”銆�

answer鏄父鐢ㄨ锛屽悗鍙帴letter(鍥炰俊)锛宷uestion(鍥炵瓟鍟忛)锛宒oorbell(闁嬮杸)锛宼elephone(鎺ラ浕瑭�)锛宎dvertisement(鎳�(y墨ng)寰佸唬鍛�)绛夈€�

reply杓冩寮�锛屼竴鑸彧浣滀笉鍙婄墿鍕曡锛屽彲鑸噒o閫ｇ敤銆傚锛欻e has replied to my letter.(浠栧洖绛斾簡鎴戜俊涓彁鐨勫晱椤�銆�)

respond浣�“鍥炵瓟”瑙�锛岀敤寰楄純灏�锛屼篃鍚宼o鎼厤銆傚锛欻e quickly responded to the question.(浠栧緢蹇氨鍥炵瓟浜嗗晱椤屻€�)

鍙﹀锛宺espond閭勫彲琛�“灏�……鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)”锛�“闊挎噳(y墨ng)”銆�

23銆乤pprove, prove

approve(1)璐婃垚锛屽悓鎰�銆傚锛欼 don’t approve of wasting time.(鎴戜笉璐婃垚娴不鏅傞枔銆�)

(2)鎵规簴锛岄€氶亷銆傚锛歍he minister approved the building plan.閮ㄩ暦鎵规簴浜嗗缓绛戣▓鍔�銆�

prove鍜宎pprove瑭炲舰鐩镐技锛宲rove鏄�“璀夋槑”锛�“琛ㄦ槑鏄�”绛�銆�

24銆乤rise/rise/raise/ arouse

arise鏄竴鍊嬩笉鍙婄墿鍕曡锛屾剰鎬濇槸“璧锋簮浜�(鍜宖rom閫ｇ敤)鍜�“鍑虹従(xi脿n)”銆�

rise鏄竴鍊嬩笉鍙婄墿鍕曡锛屾剰鎬濇槸“涓婂崌”锛岃┎瑭炴槸涓嶅強鐗╁嫊瑭烇細rise, rose, risen

raise鏄竴鍊嬪強鐗╁嫊瑭�锛屾剰鎬濇槸“鑸夎捣”銆�

arouse鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“寮曡捣锛屽皫鑷�”銆�

Black smoke rose from the chimney.

He is too weak to raise that heavy box.

Accidents usually arise fromcarelessness .

A crisis has arisen in their marrige.

Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.

25銆乤s (so) far as; as (so) long as

Ø as(so)far as鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“灏�……鑰岃█(鎵€鐭�)”锛宎s (so) far as sth.is concerned鏄叾涓竴绋叿楂旂敤娉�锛屾剰鐐�“灏辨煇浜嬭€岃█”;as (so) long as鎰忕偤“鍙”锛屽紩灏庢浠剁媭瑾炲緸鍙�銆傚锛�

As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.

灏辨垜鎵€鐭ワ紝涓€鍗冨钀笅宕楀伐浜哄凡缍�(j墨ng)鎵惧埌浜嗘柊鐨勫伐浣�銆�

There is nothing that we can’t do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.

鍙鎴戝€戜笉鏂峰湴鍔姏鍘诲仛锛屽氨娌掓湁浠€涔堜簨骞蹭笉鎴�銆�

As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.

灏变腑鍦嬬殑鏃呮父妤�(y猫)鑰岃█锛岄渶瑕佸仛鐨勫伐浣滈倓寰堝銆�

26銆乤s though;even though;though

Ø as though(=as if)锛屾剰鐐�“濂藉儚;浼间箮”锛屽紩灏庢柟寮忕媭瑾炲緸鍙ユ垨琛ㄨ獮寰炲彞銆傚锛�

He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.浠栬瑭辩殑鍙ｆ埃濂藉儚浠栦互鍓嶄締閬庨€欓噷銆�

It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.鐪嬭捣渚嗗ソ鍍忚涓嬮洦銆�

Ø even though(=even if)锛屾剰鐐�“鍗充娇”锛屽紩灏庤畵姝ョ媭瑾炲緸鍙ャ€倀hough涔熷紩灏庤畵姝ョ媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛屾剰鐐�“闆栫劧”;even though鏈夐€€涓€姝ヨō(sh猫)鎯崇殑鎰忓懗锛岃垏though涓嶅悓銆倀hough寮曞皫鐨勫彞瀛愭墍瑾殑鏄簨瀵�锛宔ven though寮曞皫鐨勫彞瀛愭墍瑾殑鍓囦笉涓€瀹氭槸浜嬪銆備緥濡傦細

He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.鍗充娇浠栫煡閬撻€欏€嬬瀵�锛屼粬涔熶笉鑲鍑轰締銆�

He will not tell the secret though he knows it.浠栭洊鐒剁煡閬撻€欏€嬬瀵�锛屼絾浠栦笉鏈冭鍑轰締銆�

27銆乤ssure, ensure, insure

assure鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“浣�(鏌愪汉)纰轰俊”锛屼竴鑸敤浣滐細assure sb. of /that…锛屽悗闈笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ窡that寰炲彞銆�

ensure鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“淇濊瓑”锛屽悗闈㈠彲浠ユ帴闆欒硴瑾�锛屼篃鍙互鎺hat寰炲彞銆�

insure鐨勬剰鎬濇槸“绲�…涓婁繚闅�”銆備緥濡傦細

He assuredme that it was true.

We can’t ensure you a good post.

My house is insured against fire.

28銆乤t the beginning;in the beginning

Ø at the beginning鍦�……鍒�;鍦�……闁嬪鐨勬檪鍊欍€傚父鑸噊f閫ｇ敤銆備緥濡傦細Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 瀛哥敓鍊戝湪闁嬪鍒濆埗瀹氬缈掕▓鍔�銆�

Ø in the beginning鐩哥暥浜巃t first锛岃〃绀�“璧峰垵銆侀枊濮�”鏅�锛屽惈“璧峰垵鏄€欑ó鎯呮硜锛岃€屽悗渚嗗嵒涓嶆槸閫欑ó鎯呮硜”涔嬫剰锛屼笉鑸噊f閫ｇ敤銆備緥濡傦細In the beginning锛宻ome of us took no interest in physics. 璧峰垵鎴戝€戞湁浜涗汉灏嶇墿鐞嗕笉鎰熻垐瓒�銆�

29銆乤t the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

Ø at the time閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬閬庡幓鏅傚彞瀛愪腑锛屾寚鏌愪欢浜嬫儏鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑“鐣舵檪”銆�“閭ｆ檪”銆備緥濡傦細

Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 鐣舵檪锛岃ū澶氫汉閮界湅鍒颁簡閫欎欢濂囨€殑浜嬫儏鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐢�銆�

鏈夋檪锛宎t the time鐨勫悗闈㈠彲鎺�“of...”鐭獮銆傞€欐檪锛屽畠琛ㄧず“鍦�(鏌愪簨鎱�(t脿i))鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鏅傚€�”鎴�“鍦�……鐨勬檪浠�”銆備緥濡傦細

Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989锕�

1989骞磋垔閲戝北鐧�(f膩)鐢熷湴闇囨檪锛屼綘鍦ㄩ偅閲屽棊?

Ø at that time鍓囬€氬父鎸囧墠鏂囨槑纰烘彁鍒扮殑鏌愬€嬫檪鏈熴€佹檪鍊�銆傞€氬父鍏跺悗涓嶅付“of...”鐭獮銆備緥濡傦細

In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time

(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.

Ø at one time=during a period of time in the past鎰忕偤“閬庡幓鏈変竴娈垫檪鏈�”锛�“鏇剧稉(j墨ng)”銆備緥濡傦細

They used to be good friends at one time. 浠栧€戞浘缍�(j墨ng)鏄ソ鏈嬪弸銆�

Ø at a time鍓囨剰鐐�“涓€娆�”锛岃〃绀轰竴鍊嬫檪闁撳柈浣�銆傚畠甯歌垏琛ㄧず鏁�(sh霉)閲忕殑瑭炶獮閫ｇ敤锛岃〃绀洪牷鐜�銆備緥濡傦細

Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 涓嶈鍚屾檪涓€璧疯銆備竴娆″彧涓€鍊嬩汉瑾€�

Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 閫欎簺钘ユ瘡澶╂湇涓夋锛屾瘡娆℃湇涓夌矑銆�

30銆乤wake, wake, waken

閮藉彲浣滃嫊瑭�銆�

awake鏃㈠彲鍙婄墿锛屼篃鍙笉鍙婄墿锛屽鐢ㄤ簬姣斿柣銆�

wake甯告寚“鐫￠啋”锛屽鐐轰笉鍙婄墿鍕曡銆�

waken澶氱敤浣滃強鐗╁嫊瑭�锛屽父鎸�“鍚甸啋”锛�“椹氶啋”銆�

31銆乤wait, wait

await鏄強鐗╁嫊瑭�銆傚锛欼 await your further instructions.

wait“绛�”銆�“绛夊€�”锛屾槸涓嶅強鐗╁嫊瑭�锛屽悗甯告帴浠嬭for銆傚锛欼 will wait for you at the school gate.

32銆乤ward, prize, reward

award, reward浣滃嫊瑭�銆俛ward鎰忕偤“鎺堜簣(鐛庡搧锛岀崕閲戠瓑)”锛屽悗闈㈠彲璺熼洐璩撹獮;reward鎰忕偤“鍫遍叕”锛�“閰瑵”锛屽彧鑳借窡浜烘垨浠ヤ汉鐨勮鐐轰綔璩撹獮銆�

award, prize, reward浣滃悕瑭炴檪锛宎ward甯告寚鐛庨噾锛岀崕鍝�;prize澶氭寚鍦ㄧ璩�銆佺鐖腑鐛插嫕鎵€璐忓緱鐨勭崕;reward鍓囨寚鐐烘煇闋呭嫗鍕曟垨琛岀偤鎵€浠樼殑閰噾銆�

33銆乥ecause/since/as/for

Ø 閫欏洓鍊嬭閮芥槸琛ㄧず鍘熷洜鎴栫悊鐢辩殑閫ｆ帴瑭�锛屼絾鏄痑s锛宐ecause锛宻ince鏄緸灞€ｈ锛屽紩灏庡師鍥犵媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛宖or鏄苟鍒楅€ｈ锛屾墍寮曞皫鐨勪笉鏄師鍥犵媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛岃€屾槸琛ㄧず鐞嗙敱鐨勫皪绛夊彞瀛�锛屾槸灏嶅墠闈㈡墍璎涘収(n猫i)瀹硅鍏呭拰瑾槑銆傚湪瑾炴埃涓婄敱寮疯嚦寮变緷娆＄偤because→since→as→for銆俠ecause寮曞皫鐨勫緸鍙ュ缃簬鍙ユ湯锛岃〃绀虹洿鎺ョ殑鍘熷洜鎴栫悊鐢憋紝琛ㄧず鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼偅绋祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑蹇呯劧鐨勫洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽湪鍥炵瓟why鐨勬彁鍟忔檪锛屽繀闋堢敤because浣滅瓟銆�

濡傦細We stayed at home because it rained.鍥犵偤涓嬮洦鎴戝€戝憜鍦ㄥ閲屻€�

Ø as鑸噑ince寮曞皫鐨勫緸鍙ュ缃簬鍙ラ锛屼笉閬巃s琛ㄧず鍗佸垎鏄庨’鐨勫師鍥�锛屽彧瑾槑涓€鑸殑鍥犳灉闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽彲璀偤“鍥犵偤銆佺敱浜�”;鑰宻ince鍓囪〃绀虹◢鍔犲垎鏋�銆佸皪鏂瑰凡鐭ョ殑鍘熷洜锛屼竴鑸彲璀偤“鏃㈢劧”銆傚锛�

As he was not feeling well锛孖 decided to go there alone.鐢变簬浠栬韩楂旀瑺浣�锛屾垜姹哄畾鐛ㄨ嚜鍘婚偅閲�銆�

Since everyone is here锛宭et's start.鏃㈢劧澶у閮藉埌浜�锛屽挶鍊戝氨闁嬪鍚�銆�

Ø for寮曞皫鐨勫緸鍙ヤ竴鑸斁鍦ㄥ彞鏈紝鍏跺墠鐢ㄩ€楄櫉锛屽畠鎵€鏁樿堪鐨勭悊鐢辨槸闁撴帴鐨�锛屽嵆鎺ㄦ脯鎬х悊鐢�锛屾垨鏄皪鍓嶉潰鏁樿堪鐨勪簨瀵︽垨鐪嬫硶鐨勮鍏呰鏄�銆傚锛�

There must be nobody in the classroom锛宖or the light is off.

鏁欏閲屼竴瀹氭矑鏈変汉锛屽洜鐐虹噲婊呬簡銆�(鎺ㄦ脯鎬х悊鐢�)

34銆乥eat, win

beat琛ㄥ湪姣旇辰鍜屾埌(zh脿n)鏂椾腑鎵撴晽灏嶆墜锛屽悗鎺ュ皪鎵嬩綔璩撹獮銆�

Win浣滃強鐗╁嫊瑭炴檪锛屽叾璩撹獮鐐烘父鎴�銆佹瘮璩�銆佹埌(zh脿n)鏂椼€佺崕閲戠瓑鍚嶈銆傚锛欻e has won the race.(浠栬磸寰椾簡璩借窇鐨勫嫕鍒┿€�)

35銆乥eside, besides

beside鍦�……鏃侀倞銆傚锛欳ome and sit beside me.

besides闄�……涔嬪銆傚锛欼 have two other umbrellas besides this one.

36銆乥esides;except;but

Ø 涓夎€呴兘鍙互鐢ㄤ綔浠嬭銆傜敤浜庤偗瀹氬彞涓檪锛宔xcept/but鎰忕偤“闄�……澶�(涓嶅啀鏈�)”;besides鎰忕偤“闄�……澶�(閭勬湁)”銆傝珛姣旇純锛�

All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.闄や簡鍚虫澅澶�锛屼粬鍊戦兘鐪嬮亷浜嗛偅閮ㄥ奖鐗�銆�

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.闄や簡鍚虫澅鐪嬮亷閭ｉ儴褰辩墖澶�锛屼粬鍊戜篃閮界湅閬庝簡銆�

Ø except鍚庢帴鍚嶈銆佷唬瑭炪€�-ing鎴栦笉瀹氬紡鏅�锛屽彲浠ヨ垏but浜掓彌;except鍚庢帴鍓銆佷粙瑭炵煭瑾炴檪锛屼竴鑸笉鑳界偤but鎵€鏇挎彌銆傚锛�

I’ll do everything except/but cook.闄や簡鍋氶／锛屾垜浠€涔堜簨鎯呴兘骞�銆�

This window is never opened except in summer.闄や簡鍦ㄥ澶�锛岄€欏€嬬獥瀛愬緸涓嶆墦闁�銆�

Ø 鐢ㄥ湪鍚﹀畾鍙ヤ腑锛屼笁鑰呭彲浠ヤ簰鎻�銆傚锛�

There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.

闄や簡浣狅紝娌掍汉鑳藉仛閫欏伐浣�銆�

37銆乥e known as;be known for;be known to; be known in

Ø be known as鎰忕偤“浣滅偤……鑰岃憲鍚�”锛屽叾鍚庣殑鍚嶈琛ㄧず涓€鍊嬩汉鐨勮韩浠�銆佽伔妤�(y猫)绛�銆傚锛�

Liu Huan is known as a singer.鍔夋浣滅偤涓€鍊嬫瓕鎵嬭€屽嚭鍚�銆�

We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.鎴戝€戠浉淇′綘鏈冩垚鐐轰竴浣嶈憲鍚嶇殑鐣銆�

Ø be known for鎰忕偤“鍥�……鑰岃憲鍚�”锛屽叾鍚庢墍鎺ュ収(n猫i)瀹硅〃绀烘煇浜烘垨鐗╃殑鐗归粸銆佺壒闀风瓑銆傚锛�

Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.妗傛灄鍥犲叾缇庨簵鐨勫北姘磋€岃仦鍚�銆�

Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.

钃嬬埦澶氬か鍏堢敓鍥犲湪鍚屼竴澶╃祫绻斿叐鍫村ぇ鍨嬬殑娴佽闊虫▊鏈冭€屽嚭鍚�銆�

Ø be known to“鐐�……鎵€浜嗚В/鐭ラ亾”锛屽叾鍚庢帴琛ㄧず浜虹殑瑭炶獮銆�“(浜哄€戦兘)鐭ラ亾”锛屽叾鍚庢帴鍕曡鍘熷舰銆傚锛�

He is known to all in our village.鏉戝瓙閲岀殑浜洪兘浜嗚В浠�銆�

He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.

浜哄€戦兘鐭ラ亾浠栧凡缍�(j墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鏄庝簡寰堝鏉辫タ銆�

38銆乥orrow, lend

borrow鍊熷叆銆傚锛欳an I borrow your pen for a moment?

lend鎶�……鍊熺郸銆傚锛欳an you lend me your bike?

39銆乥ring/take/fetch/carry

bring (vt.)甯朵締锛氳〃绀哄緸鍒ヨ檿鎶婃煇浜烘垨鏌愮墿鎷垮埌瑾┍鑰呰檿銆�

take (vt.)鍙栬蛋锛氳〃绀哄皣鏌愮墿寰炶瑳瑭辫€呰檿甯惰蛋

fetch (vt.)鍘诲彇锛氳〃绀哄埌鏌愬湴灏囨煇鐗╂垨鏌愪汉鎷垮埌璎涜┍鑰呰檿銆�

carry (vt.)鏀滃付锛氳〃绀虹敤浜哄姏鎴栦氦閫氬伐鍏锋妸鏌愮墿鎴栨煇浜猴紝寰炰竴鍦板付鍒板彟涓€鍦�銆傝┎鍕曡涓嶅惈鏂瑰悜鎰忓懗銆�

The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.

The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.

You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.

40銆乧ause, reason

cause鎸囬€犳垚鏌愪竴浜嬪鎴栫従(xi脿n)璞＄殑鐩存帴鍘熷洜锛屽悗鎺f sth./doing sth

reason鐢ㄤ締瑙ｉ噵鏌愮ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞℃垨绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑鐞嗙敱锛屽悗鎺or sth./doing sth. the reason for being late

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