2015年職稱英語考試知識(shí)解析:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(3)

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      2015年職稱英語考試知識(shí)解析:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(3)

　?、酢F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(The Present Continuous Tense)

　　1. 形式：

　　1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞am, is, are+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。第一人稱單數(shù)用am，第三人稱單數(shù)用is，其他人稱一律用are。

　　2) 現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，如learning, making, stopping等。

　　2. 基本用法

　　4) 用在此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　e.g. What are you doing here?

　　5) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而此刻并不一定在進(jìn)行。

　　e.g. We are doing an experiment this month..我們這個(gè)月在做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)(說話時(shí)不一定在做實(shí)驗(yàn))。

　　3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu):

　　e.g. We are doing an experiment this month. ? We are not…

　　4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):

　　e.g. We are doing an experiment this month. ? Are you doing…

　　練習(xí)與體會(huì)：

　　(綜合A/B級：Importance of services)

　　These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation of America’s middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of low-wage earners.

　?、觥⑦^去將來時(shí)

　　由“shall或will的過去式should或would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。

　　表示在過去某一時(shí)刻之后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。過去將來時(shí)態(tài)如果出現(xiàn)在從句中， 則主句謂語動(dòng)詞通常是是一般過去時(shí)。如：

　　e.g. We wanted to know when the English class would begin.

　　過去將來時(shí)的否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　e.g. We would like to have some hamburgers.

　　e.g. We would not like to have some hamburgers.

　　e.g. Would you like to have some hamburgers?

　　練習(xí)與體會(huì)：

　　(綜合A/B級：Plants and Mankind)

　　From then on humans would increasingly make their living from the controlled production of a few plants….

　　earn [get, make] one's living 謀生

　?、?、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(the past continuous tense)

　　過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was (were)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

　　表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，通常帶有一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)間的狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)

　　e.g. We were having a meeting at two thirty yesterday afternoon.

　　練習(xí)與體會(huì)：

　　(衛(wèi)生2002年C級閱讀理解考題：On the Train)

　　As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement.. Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling.

　?、?、過去完成時(shí)(The Past Perfect Tense)

　　由"had+過去分詞"構(gòu)成該時(shí)態(tài)的謂語,各人稱都一樣。

　　表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)到過去某一時(shí)刻為止的時(shí)間常用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或從句以狀語形式來表示。

　　e.g. By the end of July last year, I had worked for forty years.

　　注意：

　　含有after, as soon as, before等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身已明確動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次序,所以,這個(gè)從句也可以用一般過去時(shí)表示，不用過去完成時(shí)。如：

　　e.g. Students went out after the bell rang. 鈴響后同學(xué)們出去了

　　e.g. I informed him of the progress of the work as soon as I arrived here

　　我一到這里就把工作進(jìn)程告訴了他。

　　練習(xí)與體會(huì)：

　　(綜合C級：The Cherokee Nation)

　　The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries.

　　When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died.

　　以下還有兩種時(shí)態(tài)偶爾我們也可能會(huì)在職稱英語的文章中遇到：

　?、?、將來完成時(shí)(The Future Perfect Tense)

　　第一人稱:shall (will)+have+過去分詞

　　第二、三人稱:will + have+過去分詞

　　表示在將來某一時(shí)刻之前完成的動(dòng)作。如:

　　e.g. By this time next year they will have built a hotel here.

　　e.g. Hurry up! Or the train will have left before we get to the station.

　　2005年理工類閱讀理解部分考題文章:

　　From Almost Human?

　　Scientists are racing to build the world’s first thinking robot. That is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.

　?、F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

　　第三人稱單數(shù):has + been+ 現(xiàn)在分詞

　　其余人稱:have + been+ 現(xiàn)在分詞

　　表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,可能會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去或是到說話時(shí)結(jié)束,但強(qiáng)調(diào)到說話時(shí)為止一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:for years, since early morning等。

　　e.g. They have been studying English for years.

　　e.g. He has been done English since early morning.

　　do: 處理;修理;收拾(房間等);洗;整(容);預(yù)備(功課);解答(問題)

　　do the dishes 洗碗

　　do one's face 整容，化妝

　　do one's hair 梳頭發(fā)，做頭發(fā)

　　do the room [kitchen]收拾房間[廚房]

　　do one's homework 做作業(yè)，做功

　　職稱英語核心詞匯推薦:

　　base n. 底, 基礎(chǔ),基地v. 根據(jù)， 基于(be based on/upon: 基于);

　　basic adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的，主要的，首要的;

　　basis n.基礎(chǔ), 基本, 根據(jù)(on the basis of/ 以..為基礎(chǔ));

　　basketball n. 籃球;

　　battle n. 戰(zhàn)役(指大規(guī)模會(huì)戰(zhàn)), 戰(zhàn)爭;