新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1.構(gòu)成：have / has + 過(guò)去分詞2.功能：(1)表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet, just, before, recently, lately(最近), ever, never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用。

►. He hasn't seen her lately.

►. I haven't finished the book yet.(2)表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), since, for a long time(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間), up to present(直到現(xiàn)在), in the past / in the last few years(在過(guò)去的幾年里), these days(目前)……

►. He has worked here for 15 years.

►. I have studied English since I came here.

►. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time.

►. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.(3)某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(即：動(dòng)作開始便終止的動(dòng)詞)，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配。

黃金要點(diǎn)：

I.常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞：die, arrive(到達(dá)), join(加入), leave(離開), go, refuse(拒 絕), fail(失敗), finish, buy, marry, divorce(離婚), awake(醒), buy, borrow, lend ... (背三遍!)

II.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

III.但若是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。►. She has gone away for a month.(誤)

►. She has been away for a month (正)►. The man has died for two years.(誤)

►. The man has been dead for two years.(正)►. How long have youbought the book?(誤)

►. How long have you got the book.(正)(4)注意 since的用法：

►. They haven't had any trouble since they came here.

►. It has been ten years since we met last time.

►. He has been here since 1980.

►. He has been here since ten years ago.幾組對(duì)比：►. He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。

►. He has been to Shanghai. 他去過(guò)上海。►. She has gone. 她已走了。

►. She is gone. 她缺席了。(或者她死了。)►. The door has been closed. 門關(guān)上了。(動(dòng)作)

►. The door is closed. 門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))測(cè)試精編1. The prices ________ going up all the time in the past few years.

A. keep B. kept C. have kept D. are keeping2. For the whole period of two months, there ________ no rain in this area.

A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She ________ John.

A. have just married with B. was just married to

C. has just been married to D. just has been married to4. No wonder the flower have withered, they ________ any water for ages.

A. hadn't B. haven't C. haven't had D. hadn't had5. Nowadays computer ________ a wide application with the development of production and science.

A. found B. has found C. finds D. had found(后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)KEYS1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B