自考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳解
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式一起構(gòu)成謂語,但ought除外。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。它表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),如請求、命令、愿望、能力以及可能性等。英語的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有: $lesson$
can, could
may, might
must
ought to
shall, should轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
will, would
dare, dared
need
1. can, could
(1) 能,能夠、會、可以
Energy can be changed from one form into another. 能可以從一種形式變成另一種形式。
We can buy a car by instalments. 我們可以以分期付款買轎車。
(2)許可
You can ( = may) go home now. 你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。
(3)用于條件句中
If he comes, he can help us. 如果他來,他能幫助我們。
I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要,我可早些來。
(4)表懷疑,難以置信
He couldn't (can't) be her father; he is too young.
(5) could + have + p. p. 婉轉(zhuǎn)地責(zé)備、遺憾
He could have passed the exam. 他當(dāng)時(shí)本該通過考試。
(6)be able to是can的同義結(jié)構(gòu),常用以表示cm所不能表示的未來或完成的概念。如:
?、賂hus, we shall be able to determine the amount of alcohol burned. 這樣,我們就可以確定燃燒掉的酒精量。
They have not been able to come. 他們沒有能來。
2. may 和 might
(1)允許、請求
Excuse me, may I have a glass of water? 對不起,我可以喝水嗎?
(2)可能,或許;用might語氣更加不肯定
These ideas may seem strange to you. 這些想法或許令你感到驚怪。
He might get lost. 他可能迷路了。
(3) may (might) + have + pp表對過去的推測
She may (might) have missed the bus. 她也許沒趕上車。
(4)表祝愿
May all your dreams come true. 愿你們的夢想成真。
May it be so. 但愿如此。轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
(5) be allowed to是may的同義結(jié)構(gòu),可表達(dá)現(xiàn)在、過去和將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:
You will be allowed to use this computer. 你可以用這臺計(jì)算機(jī)。
3. must
(1)必須,應(yīng)該
The auditor must conduct sufficient verification. 審計(jì)師必須進(jìn)行充分的驗(yàn)證。
(2) must not意為“不應(yīng)該”,“不許”;need not是must的否定回答
We must not be afraid of difficulties. 我們不應(yīng)該害怕困難。
Must I return the book.? ―Yes, you must. 我必須還這本書嗎?是的。
―No, you needn't. 不,不必。
(3) must + have + pp 表對過去的推測
I can't find my umbrella. Someone must have taken it. 我找不到我的傘,一定是被誰拿走了。
(4) must + be + -ing 一定在
They must be talking about us now. 他們準(zhǔn)在談?wù)撐覀儭?/P>
(5)have to是must的同義結(jié)構(gòu),可表達(dá)現(xiàn)在,過去和將來時(shí)態(tài)。
We will have to change our plan. 我們得改變計(jì)劃。
4. ought to
(1)應(yīng)該
We ought to make the most of our time. 我們應(yīng)該盡量用好時(shí)間。
(2) ought to + have + pp 表過去沒完成的事
She ought to have come to see me two days ago, but she forgot. 她本來應(yīng)該在兩天前來看我,可是她忘了。
(3)表推測
This arrangement ought to please them. 這個(gè)安排應(yīng)該會令他們高興。
5. shall
(1)命令,警告,允諾,威脅,強(qiáng)制,決心
Everything shall be done to save the ship. 一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。
You shall follow the doctors advice. 你得聽醫(yī)生的。
If you work hard, you shall hate a day off. 如果你努力工作,你就可以放一天假。
(2)征求意見
――Shall I close the door? 我關(guān)上門好嗎?
――Yes, please. (No, please don't. )
(3)在法律、合同中,表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)制性行為
The present treaty shall come into force immediately after its ratification. 本條約在批準(zhǔn)后將立即生效。
Gambling in any form shall be banned. 各種賭博必須予以禁止。
6. should
(1)應(yīng)該
A formal written appraisal should be prepared annually. 每年應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一份正式的評價(jià)報(bào)告。
(2)推測
They should be home by now. 現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該到家了。
(3) should + have + pp 表過去應(yīng)做但沒做的事。含有責(zé)備的意思。
This conclusion should have been double-checked. 該結(jié)論本應(yīng)該反復(fù)核對。
(4)表憤怒,不滿,失望
I am very sorry that he should be so careless. 真遺憾,他竟然這么粗心。
(5)用于讓步從句中
He run away lest he should be seen. 他跑開了,以免被看見。
7. will
(1)請求
Will you lend me your dictionary? 請你把詞典借我好嗎?
(2)表意圖,決心
I won't let you down. 我不會令你失望。
(3)表推測
That will be the postman at the door. 在門口的一定是郵遞員。
(4)自然規(guī)律,習(xí)慣動(dòng)作
Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水會死。
Water will boil at 100 degrees centigrade. 水在攝氏100度開。
8. would
(1)委婉請求或命令
Would you take a seat? 請坐!
(2)表過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作
He would sit there for hours, doing nothing. 他常一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那里,什么也不做。
(3)表過去的一種傾向
He told us that the box would not open. 他告訴我們盒子打不開。
(4)表對過去的猜測
That would be in 1966, I think. 我想那大概發(fā)生在1966年。
9. dare 和 dared
(1)敢
How dare you speak to me like that? 你怎敢那樣對我說話?
No one dared speak of it. 當(dāng)時(shí)沒人敢談?wù)摯耸隆?/P>
(2)有時(shí)后面跟不定式,用作行為動(dòng)詞
He dares to think, to speak, and to act. 他敢想,敢說,敢干。
10. need
(1)“需要”,用于否定句和疑問句中
Need I show you my passport? ――Yes, you must. 我需要出示護(hù)照嗎?是的。
――No, you needn't. 不,不必啦。
We didn't need to call the doctor. 我們不必請大夫。
(2) needn't + have + pp 本不必做
She needn't have watered the flowers. 她本不必澆花。
?2011年4月自學(xué)考試成績查詢時(shí)間及方式匯總
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